Transfer of Heavy Metals Through Three Components: Sediments, Plants and Fish in the Area with Previous Mining Activity.

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the ecological risk and distribution of heavy metals in sediment, plants and fish in a seriously polluted water reservoir in Krompachy, Slovakia. Special attention was given to the different food web positions of individual fish species (predators, omnivores) and their size. The degree of heavy metal contamination in sediments decreased in the order Cu > Pb > Cr > Hg > Cd, and their mutual proportion was largely consistent with concentrations found in aquatic plants, i.e. water sedges (Carex acutiformis). Of the seven fish species investigated, piscivorous perch (Perca fluviatilis) accumulated higher quantities of metal than fish situated at lower trophic levels. Interestingly, co-equal levels of heavy metals to those found in perch (P. fluviatilis) also occurred in rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus). The Hg values in some fish muscles exceeded the maximum permissible limits suggesting a persistent problem of old environmental burden from former mining activities.