TRANSFER OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ENERGY INNOVATIONS DURING SMART GRIDS DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The article considers the conditions created in different countries of the world to implement processes that focus on the modernization of the energy sector of the economy through the widespread introduction of advanced innovative energy technologies. The paper argues that there is a link between economic and social development indicators and the results of the functioning of their energy sector, namely the existing impact of energy on the positive dynamics of economic and social indicators. The spread of energy innovations is a critical factor for the modernization of the energy sector following modern requirements for energy production, transportation, and distribution. Accordingly, investments directly in the energy sector and research and development activities aimed at creating new energy technologies are considered an essential indicator of the formation of preconditions for the transfer of energy technologies, including innovation. One of the leading indicators that characterize the existing and potential opportunities for new technologies is the number of innovative enterprises. Accordingly, one of the tasks aimed at modernization and further development of the energy system should be to promote the creation and support of innovative enterprises. It requires creating a new or improvement of the existing mechanism for creating a favorable business environment for innovation. Therefore, the article mentions the need to study the relationship between the number of innovative enterprises in the country and public spending on research and development. For complete coverage of the issue, the paper presents information on the volume of these expenditures in terms of GDP. The analysis of this information led to the conclusion that there is no connection between the number of innovative enterprises and the amount of public expenditure on R&D. This connection is typical of a limited number of countries. At the same time, the experience of some countries shows that in addition to state support for innovation and innovation transfer, a significant role is played by established and functioning market mechanisms that allow achieving a high level of innovation development.