Abstract
In this work, lithium/zinc based chicken bone catalyst (Li/Zn-Cb) was synthesised by wet impregnation method using different metal ratios (Li:Zn = 1:2, 2:2, and 2:1). The synthesised Li/Zn-Cb catalyst was characterized by FESEM, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), TG-DSC and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The feasibility and activity of Li/Zn-Cb catalyst for transesterification of waste canola oil (WCO) were investigated under different operating conditions. The results showed that integrating the chicken bone powder with Li:Zn = 2:2 could enhance the FAME content significantly (> 4 folds) to 98% at 60 °C reaction temperature, 3.5 h reaction time, catalyst dosage of 4% and 18:1 molar ratio of MeOH/WCO. The kinetic studies revealed that transesterification reaction follows the pseudo first order model with 23.20 kJ mol−1 activation energy (Ea). The reusability studies show only 2% reduction in the FAME content after the 7th cycle of use.
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