Abstract
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has proved invaluable in the evaluation of a number of conditions, including stroke, endocarditis, prosthetic valves, and acute aortic syndromes, as well as in the preoperative and perioperative evaluation of valvular heart disease. 1 Shanewise J.S. Cheung A.T. Aronson S. Stewart W.J. Weiss R.L. Mark J.B. et al. ASE/SCA guidelines for performing a comprehensive intraoperative multiplane transesophageal echocardiography examination: recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography Council for Intraoperative Echocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Task Force for Certification in Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1999; 12: 884-900 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (298) Google Scholar The value of TEE must of course be balanced against the risk of performing the procedure. The insertion and manipulation of a transesophageal echocardiographic probe may infrequently cause pharyngeal, esophageal, or gastric trauma. Screening for esophageal pathology by history and review of the medical record is an essential component of evaluation before performing TEE. Patients with esophageal stricture, esophageal cancer, esophageal diverticulum, and recent esophageal surgery are generally considered to have near absolute contraindications for TEE. Esophageal varices have been considered an absolute as well as a relative contraindication to TEE, depending on the center and/or operator.
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