Abstract
While acoustical transducers such as microphones and loudspeakers have changed dramatically over the years, the fundamental mechanisms upon which they are based have remained the same. In this tutorial focus is on the underlying principles of electrochemical transduction. The session will begin with a brief presentation of an energetically consistent way to view transducers. Next this approach will be used in describing a variety of transduction mechanisms including, but not limited to, piezoelectricity, electrostriction, magnetostriction, linear magnetic transduction, and piezoresistivity. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach to transduction and examples of transducers using each transduction mechanism will be discussed. Finally, some topics on the frontiers of transduction research, such as solid state sensors, will be touched upon.
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