Abstract
The potential of bacterial cellulose as a carrier for the transport of ibuprofen (a typical example of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) through the skin was investigated. Ibuprofen and its amino acid ester salts-loaded BC membranes were prepared through a simple methodology and characterized in terms of structure and morphology. Two salts of amino acid isopropyl esters were used in the research, namely L-valine isopropyl ester ibuprofenate ([ValOiPr][IBU]) and L-leucine isopropyl ester ibuprofenate ([LeuOiPr][IBU]). [LeuOiPr][IBU] is a new compound; therefore, it has been fully characterized and its identity confirmed. For all membranes obtained the surface morphology, tensile mechanical properties, active compound dissolution assays, and permeation and skin accumulation studies of API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) were determined. The obtained membranes were very homogeneous. In vitro diffusion studies with Franz cells were conducted using pig epidermal membranes, and showed that the incorporation of ibuprofen in BC membranes provided lower permeation rates to those obtained with amino acids ester salts of ibuprofen. This release profile together with the ease of application and the simple preparation and assembly of the drug-loaded membranes indicates the enormous potentialities of using BC membranes for transdermal application of ibuprofen in the form of amino acid ester salts.
Highlights
Transdermal drug delivery is one of the most important methods of delivering the drug to the body
This study publication uses a new salt-the L-leucine isopropyl ester salt ([LeuOiPr][IBU]); only the results are presented for this compound
This study showed, that the carboxymethyl cellulose content and epichlorohydrin concentration influenced the swelling and drug release properties of the hydrogels [13]
Summary
Transdermal drug delivery is one of the most important methods of delivering the drug to the body. Advantages associated with this include non-invasive delivery, bypass of first pass metabolism, prolonged duration of action of drugs [1]. One of the ways to deliver a transdermal anti-inflammatory drug is the application of various types of patches and membranes [2]. Attention has been paid to the use of natural materials, including bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes. Similar to that of plant cellulose, BC shares the same molecular formula (C6 H10 O5 )n. The two cellulose types bear the same chemical similarity being β-1,4-glucans, but differ in their degree of polymerization. The degree of polymerization for BC is considerably lower, having a typical polymerization range between 2000 and 6000 compared to
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