Transcytosis Involvement in Transport System and Endothelial Permeability of Vascular Leakage during Dengue Virus Infection.

Chanettee Chanthick,Nantapon Rawarak,Sa-Nga Pattanakitsakul,Aroonroong Suttitheptumrong

doi:10.3390/v10020069

Chanettee Chanthick, Nantapon Rawarak + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/v10020069

Copy DOI

Journal: Viruses	Publication Date: Feb 8, 2018
Citations: 25	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Kasetsart University, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University

Abstract

The major role of endothelial cells is to maintain homeostasis of vascular permeability and to preserve the integrity of vascular vessels to prevent fluid leakage. Properly functioning endothelial cells promote physiological balance and stability for blood circulation and fluid components. A monolayer of endothelial cells has the ability to regulate paracellular and transcellular pathways for transport proteins, solutes, and fluid. In addition to the paracellular pathway, the transcellular pathway is another route of endothelial permeability that mediates vascular permeability under physiologic conditions. The transcellular pathway was found to be associated with an assortment of disease pathogeneses. The clinical manifestation of severe dengue infection in humans is vascular leakage and hemorrhagic diatheses. This review explores and describes the transcellular pathway, which is an alternate route of vascular permeability during dengue infection that corresponds with the pathologic finding of intact tight junction. This pathway may be the route of albumin transport that causes endothelial dysfunction during dengue virus infection.

Highlights

Clinical Manifestations of Dengue Virus InfectionDengue virus (DENV) infection can produce a wide variety of illnesses. Most dengue infections are asymptomatic; a minority of cases show clinical signs that range from undifferentiated fever, to mild form of dengue infection (dengue fever (DF)), to severe form of dengue infection (dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)) [1]
The major role of endothelial cells is to maintain homeostasis of vascular permeability and to preserve the integrity of vascular vessels to prevent fluid leakage
The second peak occurred in young children who had experienced an earlier mild or subclinical dengue infection, and who were later infected with a different dengue serotype

Summary

Clinical Manifestations of Dengue Virus Infection

Dengue virus (DENV) infection can produce a wide variety of illnesses. Most dengue infections are asymptomatic; a minority of cases show clinical signs that range from undifferentiated fever, to mild form of dengue infection (dengue fever (DF)), to severe form of dengue infection (dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)) [1]. The second peak occurred in young children who had experienced an earlier mild or subclinical dengue infection, and who were later infected with a different dengue serotype These two observations generated interest in the possibility that an enhancing antibody is involved in the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS. In a secondary dengue infection–non-neutralizing antibodies, cross-reactive antibodies, antibodies generated from a previous dengue infection or that were acquired from maternal immunity, and subneutralizing homologous antibodies recognize dengue epitopes, but they cannot neutralize the virus Instead, they facilitate entry of the virus into mononuclear phagocytic cells, which results in virus burden and increased risk of developing DHF/DSS. Southeast Asian genotype of DENV2 and DENV3 are frequently associated with severe disease in secondary dengue infection [24,25], whereas American genotype of DENV2 was not found to cause DHF/DS [26]

Pathophysiology of Vascular Permeability

Endothelial Cells Involved in Plasma Leakage during Dengue Virus Infection

Transcytosis as an Alternative Transport System in Endothelial Cells

Findings

Conclusions