Abstract
Antigen‐specific immunotherapy is the only curative approach for the treatment of allergic diseases such as Japanese cedar pollinosis. Immunotherapy using a T cell epitope vaccine in combination with the adjuvant R848 is of particular interest as a safe and effective approach to treat allergic diseases. Herein, we propose a simple and easy to handle vaccine administration method using the original solid‐in‐oil (S/O) nanodispersion system that permeates through the skin. The S/O nanodispersion system is composed of nanoparticles of hydrophilic molecules surrounded with hydrophobic surfactants that are dispersed in an oil vehicle. The system has potential to carry and deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactives. Hydrophilic T cell epitope peptide was efficiently delivered through mouse skin using the S/O nanodispersion system and lowered antigen‐specific IgE levels in pollinosis model mice. Addition of the hydrophobic adju1vant R848 significantly lowered the antibody secretion and shifted the Th1/Th2‐balance toward Th1‐type immunity in the model mice, showing the potential to alleviate Japanese cedar pollinosis.
Highlights
Vaccines have contributed to the decrease in the rate of infectious diseases since their introduction more than two centuries ago.[1]
The release efficiencies of 7CrpR were not affected by the presence of R848 in Isopropyl myristate (IPM) (R848out S/O)
A burst release of R848 directly dissolved in IPM containing L-195 was observed within the first 6 h (Figure 3B), and the release efficiency was sustained at approximately 60% until 48 h
Summary
Vaccines have contributed to the decrease in the rate of infectious diseases since their introduction more than two centuries ago.[1] Recent research has revealed vaccines are useful treatments for a number of immune-related diseases including autoimmune diseases, cancers, and allergies.[2,3,4] Allergic diseases have been conventionally classified into four types (type I, II, III, and IV) according to Gell and Coombs,[5] many exceptions have recently been found that do not fit these clasifications.[6,7] Type I (immediate-type) allergy, such as pollinosis, cat allergy, house dust mite allergy, or allergic asthma, is caused by activation of type 2 helper T (Th2) cells and induction of IgE antibodies from B cells. The representative symptoms of type I allergy are rhinitis, conjunctivitis, pruritus, asthma, and lowered blood pressure. These allergic reactions are triggered by the binding of antigen molecules to IgE on mast cells, and the symptoms appear within 5–15 min from the time of contact with the antigens. Type I allergy holds risks of severe symptoms such as anaphylaxis[8] and the only curative treatments of this type of allergy are immunotherapies using whole antigen molecules, antigen derivatives, or T cell epitopes.[9,10]
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