Abstract
Japanese cedar pollinosis is a type I allergic disease and has already become a major public health problem in Japan. Conventional subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) cannot meet patients’ needs owing to the side effects caused by both the use of conventional whole antigen molecules in the pollen extract and the administration routes. To address these issues, a surface-modified antigen and transcutaneous administration route are introduced in this research. First, the pollen extract (PE) was conjugated to galactomannan (PE-GM) to mask immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding epitopes in the PE to avoid side effects. Second, as a safer alternative to SCIT and SLIT, transcutaneous immunotherapy (TCIT) with a solid-in-oil (S/O) nanodispersion system carrying PE-GM was proposed. Hydrophilic PE-GM was efficiently delivered through mouse skin using S/O nanodispersions, reducing the antibody secretion and modifying the type 1 T helper (Th1)/ type 2 T helper (Th2) balance in the mouse model, thereby demonstrating the potential to alleviate Japanese cedar pollinosis.
Highlights
Japanese cedar (JC) pollinosis is allergic rhinitis, classified to a type I allergic disease that afflicts up to 26.5% of people in Japan [1]
subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) limit the broad applicability of antigen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) because of the side effects from both conventional antigens of JC pollen extract (PE) and administration routes
The materials prepared for S/O nanodispersions, including the surfactant sucrose laurate (L-195) and oil vehicle IPM, are widely used as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food products
Summary
Japanese cedar (JC) pollinosis is allergic rhinitis, classified to a type I allergic disease that afflicts up to 26.5% of people in Japan [1]. Antigen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only available curative treatment for pollinosis, inducing clinical tolerance [2,3]. As a classic form of AIT, subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), which entails repeated injections of increasing doses of the JC pollen extract (PE), has been used in the clinical treatment of pollinosis for over 100 years. The sublingual application (sublingual immunotherapy, SLIT) of PE has been introduced in the clinical treatment of pollinosis [1]. SCIT and SLIT limit the broad applicability of AIT because of the side effects from both conventional antigens of JC PE and administration routes
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