Abstract
Heat stress is an increasing threat to rice production worldwide. To investigate the mechanisms of heat tolerance in hybrid rice and their contributions to rice heterosis, we compared the transcriptome of the hybrid rice II YOU 838 (II8) with the transcriptomes of its parents Fu Hui 838 (F8) and II-32A (II3) after heat stress at 42 °C for 0 h, 24 h, 72 h and 120 h. We also performed a proteomic analysis in II8 after heat stress at 42 °C for 24 h. The transcriptome data revealed time-dependent gene expression patterns under the heat stress conditions, and the heat stress response of II8 was greatly different from those of its parents. Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes that were clustered using k-means clustering showed that most of the up-regulated genes were involved in responses to stimuli, cell communication, and metabolic and transcription factor activities, whereas the down-regulated genes were enriched in photosynthesis and signal transduction. Moreover, 35 unique differentially abundant proteins, including a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (bHLH96), calmodulin-binding transcription activator, heat shock protein (Hsp70), and chaperonin 60 (CPN60), were detected in the proteomic analysis of II8 under heat stress. The co-regulatory analysis revealed novel genes and pathways involved in heat tolerance, namely, ferredoxin-NADP reductase, peroxidases, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, and heat shock factor (HSF)–Hsp network. Members of the Hsp and HSF families had over-dominant expression patterns in the hybrid compared with its parents, to help maintain the higher photosynthesis and antioxidant defense systems in the hybrid. Our study suggests that the complex HSF–Hsp regulatory network contribute to the heat tolerance of the hybrid rice.
Highlights
Global warming has led to an increase in extreme weather events in recent decades (Wang et al, 2019)
The differences that we observed in the flag leaf phenotypes confirmed the appropriateness of using II YOU 838 (II8) and the parental lines for the transcriptome analysis
The results showed that most of the up-regulated genes were involved in cell communication (GO:0007154), response to stress (GO:0006950), response to abiotic stimulus (GO:0009628), response to external stimulus (GO:0009605), response to biotic stimulus (GO:0009607), response to endogenous stimulus (GO:0009719), response to stimulus (GO:0050896), metabolic process (GO:0008152) and transcription factor activity (GO:0003700), whereas the continuously down-regulated genes were involved in photosynthesis (GO:0015979) and signal transduction (GO:0007165) (Fig. 4; Table S5)
Summary
Global warming has led to an increase in extreme weather events in recent decades (Wang et al, 2019) Extreme weather conditions, such as high temperature and drought, have greatly affected rice production and food security worldwide. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of II YOU 838 (Oryza sativa) provide insights into heat stress tolerance in hybrid rice. Indica accounts for more than 70% of rice production globally (Zhang et al, 2016b). It is, very sensitive to high-temperature stress during almost all growth stages, the flowering period (Wang et al, 2019; Zafar et al, 2018). Heat stress can cause irreversible damage by retarding plant growth, metabolic activities, spikelet fertility, and seed setting, reducing the rice production (Wang et al, 2019). Understanding the molecular basis of heat tolerance will greatly contribute to the development of new strategies for improving heat tolerance in rice (Cheabu et al, 2018; Li et al, 2018b)
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