Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stressor that leads to productivity losses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, transcriptome profiling and heterosis-related genes were analyzed by ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) in seedlings of a mega rice hybrid, Liang-You-Pei-Jiu (LYP9), and its two parents 93–11 and Pei-ai64s (PA64s), under control and two different salinity levels, where we found 8292, 8037, and 631 salt-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Heterosis-related DEGs were obtained higher after 14 days of salt treatment than after 7 days. There were 631 and 4237 salt-induced DEGs related to heterosis under 7-day and 14-day salt stresses, respectively. Gene functional classification showed the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis activity after 7-day stress treatment, and in metabolic and catabolic activity after 14 days. In addition, we correlated the concurrence of an expression of DEGs for the bHLH transcription factor and a shoot length/salinity-related quantitative trait locus qSL7 that we fine-mapped previously, providing a confirmed case of heterosis-related genes. This experiment reveals the transcriptomic divergence of the rice F1 hybrid and its parental lines under control and salt stress state, and enlightens about the significant molecular mechanisms developed over time in response to salt stress.
Highlights
Heterosis is an event whereby the heterozygous first filial (F1) hybrid displays growth or fertility superiority over its homozygous parents, and has been widely used in ricebreeding practices for increasing grain yield
Transcriptome Sequencing of the Hybrid LYP9 and Its Parents under Two Salinity Stresses
The salt injury symptoms appeared in the seedlings after one day of NaCl treatment
Summary
Heterosis is an event whereby the heterozygous first filial (F1) hybrid displays growth or fertility superiority over its homozygous parents, and has been widely used in ricebreeding practices for increasing grain yield. Heterosis breeding is a powerful tool to secure global food demands, because of its 10–20 percent higher yield than its two parental lines [1]. Before the development of molecular genetics tools, heterosis focused mainly on three non-mutually exclusive hypotheses, of dominance, single-locus overdominance, and pseudo-overdominance [3]. The yield heterosis of super hybrid rice was studied by integrating phenomic, genomic, and transcriptomic data. The comprehensive mapping and analysis of heterosis QTLs with multi-omics tools provide valuable data for both testing heterosis hypothesis and purposely manipulating heterosis for breeding new cultivars
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