Abstract
Comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanism of the implantation process in pigs is crucial for reproductive success. The endometrium plays an important role in regulating the establishment and maintenance of gestation. The goal of the current study was to determine the effect of adiponectin on the global expression pattern of genes and relationships among differentially expressed genes (DE-genes) in the porcine endometrium during implantation using microarrays. Diverse transcriptome analyses including gene ontology (GO), biological pathway, networks, and DE-gene analyses were performed. Adiponectin altered the expression of 1286 genes with fold-change (FC) values greater than 1.2 (p < 0.05). The expression of 560 genes were upregulated and 726 downregulated in the endometrium treated with adiponectin. Thirteen genes were selected for real-time PCR validation of differential expression based on a known role in metabolism, steroid and prostaglandin synthesis, interleukin and growth factor action, and embryo implantation. Functional analysis of the relationship between DE-genes indicated that adiponectin interacts with genes that are involved in the processes of cell proliferation, programmed cell death, steroid and prostaglandin synthesis/metabolism, cytokine production, and cell adhesion that are critical for reproductive success. The presented results suggest that adiponectin signalling may play a key role in the implantation of pig.
Highlights
Understanding the mechanisms controlling energy homeostasis and reproduction creates the foundation and opens a way towards future effective modification of these processes in farm animals
During the peri-implantation period, properly synchronized expression of genes for many factors, e.g., steroid hormones, prostaglandins, cytokines, angiogenic factors, apoptosis-related substances, integrins, and metalloproteinases in the uteri, conceptuses, and trophoblasts are important for effective maternal recognition of pregnancy and implantation, and it is essential for embryo survival and development
We demonstrated that interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) gene expression was significantly downregulated in the porcine endometrium treated with adiponectin during implantation
Summary
Understanding the mechanisms controlling energy homeostasis and reproduction creates the foundation and opens a way towards future effective modification of these processes in farm animals. The period of uterine receptivity, called the “window of implantation”, is related to the presence of growth factors, multiple adhesion molecules, such as integrins, or proteolytic enzymes, such as metalloproteinases, which are essential for embryo implantation. During this period, the endometrium produces prostaglandins, chemokines, and cytokines, which are responsible for the proper course of the implantation process [2,3,4]. During the peri-implantation period, properly synchronized expression of genes for many factors, e.g., steroid hormones, prostaglandins, cytokines, angiogenic factors, apoptosis-related substances, integrins, and metalloproteinases in the uteri, conceptuses, and trophoblasts are important for effective maternal recognition of pregnancy and implantation, and it is essential for embryo survival and development. Adiponectin, which is a member of adipokine family, could belong to the group of hormones that affect the processes/mechanisms related to the peri-implantation period directly or indirectly by controlling the synthesis of the above factors
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