Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis Reveals a Difference in Monoterpene Biosynthesis between Scented Lilium 'Siberia' and Unscented Lilium 'Novano'.

Zenghui Hu,Pingsheng Leng,Kezhong Zhang,Qi Wu,Jian Zheng,Biao Tang

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01351

Abstract

Lilium is a world famous fragrant bulb flower with high ornamental and economic values, and significant differences in fragrance are found among different Lilium genotypes. In order to explore the mechanism underlying the different fragrances, the floral scents of Lilium ‘Sibeia’, with a strong fragrance, and Lilium ‘Novano’, with a very faint fragrance, were collected in vivo using a dynamic headspace technique. These scents were identified using automated thermal desorption—gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (ATD-GC/MS) at different flowering stages. We used RNA-Seq technique to determine the petal transcriptome at the full-bloom stage and analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to investigate the molecular mechanism of floral scent biosynthesis. The results showed that a significantly higher amount of Lilium ‘Siberia’ floral scent was released compared with Lilium ‘Novano’. Moreover, monoterpenes played a dominant role in the floral scent of Lilium ‘Siberia’; therefore, it is believed that the different emissions of monoterpenes mainly contributed to the difference in the floral scent between the two Lilium genotypes. Transcriptome sequencing analysis indicated that ~29.24 Gb of raw data were generated and assembled into 124,233 unigenes, of which 35,749 unigenes were annotated. Through a comparison of gene expression between these two Lilium genotypes, 6,496 DEGs were identified. The genes in the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway showed significantly different expression levels. The gene expressions of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate synthase (HDS), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase (HDR), isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI), and geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPS/GGPS), were upregulated in Lilium ‘Siberia’ compared to Lilium ‘Novano’, and two monoterpene synthase genes, ocimene synthase gene (OCS) and myrcene synthase gene (MYS), were also expressed at higher levels in the tepals of Lilium ‘Siberia’, which was consistent with the monoterpene release amounts. We demonstrated that the high activation levels of the pathways contributed to monoterpene biosynthesis in Lilium ‘Siberia’ resulting in high accumulations and emissions of monoterpenes, which led to the difference in fragrance between these two Lilium genotypes.

Highlights

Floral scent is an important component part of plant volatile compounds
In the comparison of floral scents between Lilium ‘Siberia’ and Lilium ‘Novano’, we found a significant difference in the amounts of monoterpenes released (Figure 3), which might be the key reason resulting in the fragrance difference
Though no unigenes were mapped to the monoterpene biosynthesis pathway, based on Gene Ontology (GO) function classification combined with the annotation of the Swissprot and nr databases, we found that 7 unigenes were annotated to monoterpene synthases mediating the biosynthesis of monoterpenes (Supplementary Table 4)

Summary

Introduction

Floral scent is an important component part of plant volatile compounds. Floral scent contributes to the defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, which is shown to have toxic or deterrent activity against microbes and herbivores, and to ameliorate high temperatures and reduce damage caused by oxidative stress (Knudsen et al, 2006). For ornamental flowers, floral scent is believed to be an important characteristic to evaluate flowers. An increasing number of studies have focused on floral scent in recent years (Grausgruber-Grögera et al, 2012; Zhao et al, 2012; Demissie et al, 2013; Sharkey et al, 2013; Feng et al, 2014; Sun et al, 2015; Hattan et al, 2016; Kong et al, 2017)

Methods

Results

Conclusion