Abstract
Storage ability of trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) is restricted by a severe post-harvest hardening (PHH) phenomenon, which starts within the first 24 h after harvest and renders tubers inedible. Previous work has only focused on the biochemical changes affecting PHH in D. dumetorum. To the best of our knowledge, the candidate genes responsible for the hardening of D. dumetorum have not been identified. Here, transcriptome analyses of D. dumetorum tubers were performed in yam tubers of four developmental stages: 4 months after emergence (4MAE), immediately after harvest (AH), 3 days after harvest (3DAH) and 14 days after harvest (14DAH) of four accessions (Bangou 1, Bayangam 2, Fonkouankem 1, and Ibo sweet 3) using RNA-Seq. In total, between AH and 3DAH, 165, 199, 128 and 61 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in Bayangam 2, Fonkouankem 1, Bangou 1 and Ibo sweet 3, respectively. Functional analysis of DEGs revealed that genes encoding for CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA), XYLAN O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE (XOAT), CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING PROTEIN 1, 2, 3, 4 (LHCB1, LHCB2, LHCB3, and LCH4) and an MYB transcription factor were predominantly and significantly up-regulated 3DAH, implying that these genes were potentially involved in the PHH as confirmed by qRT-PCR. A hypothetical mechanism of this phenomenon and its regulation has been proposed. These findings provide the first comprehensive insights into gene expression in yam tubers after harvest and valuable information for molecular breeding against the PHH.
Highlights
Yams constitute an important food crop for over 300 million people in the humid and subhumid tropics
Transcriptome analyses of D. dumetorum tubers were performed in yam tubers of four developmental stages: 4 months after emergence (4MAE), immediately after harvest (AH), 3 days after harvest (3DAH) and 14 days after harvest (14DAH) of four accessions (Bangou 1, Bayangam 2, Fonkouankem 1, and Ibo sweet 3) using RNA-Seq
Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that genes encoding for CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA), XYLAN O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE (XOAT), CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING PROTEIN 1, 2, 3, 4 (LHCB1, LHCB2, LHCB3, and LCH4) and an MYB transcription factor were predominantly and significantly up-regulated 3DAH, implying that these genes were potentially involved in the post-harvest hardening (PHH) as confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)
Summary
Yams constitute an important food crop for over 300 million people in the humid and subhumid tropics. Among the eight yam species commonly grown and consumed in West and Central Africa, trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) is the most nutritious [1]. Tubers of D. dumetorum are rich in protein (9.6%), well balanced in essential amino acids (chemical score of 0.94) and its starch is digestible [2,3]. Dioscorea dumetorum is used for human alimentation and for pharmaceutical purposes. A bio-active compound, dioscoretine, has been identified in D. dumetorum [4], which has been accepted pharmaceutically and which can be used advantageously as a hypoglycemic agent in situations of acute stress. The tubers are, commonly used in treating diabetes in Nigeria [5]
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