Abstract
Background5-Azacytidine (5-azaC) promotes the development of ‘Kyoho’ grape berry but the associated changes in gene expression have not been reported. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis of grape berry at five developmental stages after 5-azaC treatment to elucidate the gene expression networks controlling berry ripening.ResultsThe expression patterns of most genes across the time series were similar between the 5-azaC treatment and control groups. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at a given developmental stage ranged from 9 (A3_C3) to 690 (A5_C5). The results indicated that 5-azaC treatment had not very great influences on the expressions of most genes. Functional annotation of the DEGs revealed that they were mainly related to fruit softening, photosynthesis, protein phosphorylation, and heat stress. Eight modules showed high correlation with specific developmental stages and hub genes such as PEROXIDASE 4, CAFFEIC ACID 3-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE 1, and HISTONE-LYSINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE EZA1 were identified by weighted gene correlation network analysis.Conclusions5-AzaC treatment alters the transcriptional profile of grape berry at different stages of development, which may involve changes in DNA methylation.
Highlights
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important perennial woody fruit crops in the world
Analysis of RNA-seq libraries To identify the genes involved in grape berry development, we performed transcriptome sequencing of ‘Kyoho’ grape berry with or without 5-azaC treatment at different developmental stages
We previously showed that 5-azaC decreased methylation in developing ‘Kyoho’ grape berry [32]. 5-AzaC affects multiple physiological processes during plant
Summary
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important perennial woody fruit crops in the world. The grape berry is consumed whole or in the form of raisins or wine and has high nutritional, medicinal, and economic value [1], making it one of the most popular fruits. Grape berry exhibits change in pigmentation, sugar and organic acid contents, and other quality components during development and ripening [2] and is a useful model for studying fruit development. Transcriptome sequencing is the main technology for investigating genome-wide changes in gene expression patterns, and has been used to study metabolic pathways and gene expression during fruit development in many plants. Whole-genome sequencing of the PN40024 genotype of grapevine, originally derived from Pinot Noir, was completed in 2007 and has provided a useful resource for functional genomic studies [12].
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