Abstract
ABSTRACT Ambient temperatures influence plant growth and development, however very little is known about changes in root growth in response to ambient temperature change. Here, we performed transcriptome profiling and compared the differences in gene expression at lower and higher temperatures compared with normal plant growth temperatures. Our analysis of the biological processes and molecular functions regulated by differentially expressed genes revealed that low temperature upregulated carbohydrate metabolism and transmembrane transport, and downregulated signal transduction and defense. High temperature upregulated metabolic processes, transport, and auxin biosynthesis, and downregulated catabolic processes. We found that increased temperature specifically affected the levels of Arabidopsis response regulators, ARR1 and ARR12, to decrease cytokinin signaling, altered the level of the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 to downregulate brassinosteroid signaling, and changed the level of the gibberellin receptor DELLA to upregulate gibberellin signaling and mediate root elongation. These data contribute to our knowledge of how root growth adapts to elevated ambient temperature under climate warming.
Highlights
Global warming can have significant impacts on plant growth, development, and distribution (Hedhly et al 2009; Körner and Basler 2010; Campitelli and Simonsen 2012; Liu et al 2012; Huang et al 2017; Nolan et al 2018)
Our recent study found that higher temperatures (27°C) could promote CKRC1-dependent auxin biosynthesis by enhancement of the ethylene signaling mediated by ETR1 (ETHYLENE RESPONSE1), maintaining normal downward root growth at higher temperatures (Fei et al 2017)
Mutants arr1-4, arr10-5, arr12-1, and the arr1,12 double mutant were provided by Guo Guangqin (Lanzhou University); rga28 was provided by Hou Suiwen (Lanzhou University); bri1-301 was provided by Li jia (Lanzhou University)
Summary
Global warming can have significant impacts on plant growth, development, and distribution (Hedhly et al 2009; Körner and Basler 2010; Campitelli and Simonsen 2012; Liu et al 2012; Huang et al 2017; Nolan et al 2018). Our recent study found that higher temperatures (27°C) could promote CKRC1-dependent auxin biosynthesis by enhancement of the ethylene signaling mediated by ETR1 (ETHYLENE RESPONSE1), maintaining normal downward root growth at higher temperatures (Fei et al 2017). Comparison of the regulatory mechanisms of ckrc at three temperatures (17°C, 22°C, and 27°C) revealed temperature-dependent differences in the response patterns of in vivo signals (auxin and ethylene), the interactions between signals (auxin and ethylene), and the effects of related signals (genes) (Fei et al 2019). Related results suggest complex root adaptation mechanisms at different temperatures. In addition to auxin and ethylene, recent studies have found that another plant hormone, brassinosteroid, is involved in Arabidopsis root elongation at high temperature (Martins et al 2017). The potential contribution of other hormones to root adaptation to higher temperature remains to be determined
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