Abstract
BackgroundIn recent decades, the frequency of flooding is increasing with the change of global climate. Flooding has become one of the major abiotic stresses that seriously affect growth and development of plants. Triarrhena sacchariflora Nakai has been considered a promising energy crop for utilization in ethanol production. Flooding stress is among the most severe abiotic stressors in the production of Nakai. However, the physiological and molecular biological mechanisms of Nakai response to flooding is still unclear. In the present study, in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of Nakai in response to flooding stress, the transcriptome, physiological and biochemical were investigated.ResultsThe results demonstrated that significant physiological changes were observed in photosynthetic system, antioxidative enzyme activity, chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, lipid peroxidation and soluble sugar content under normal and flooding treatments. Such as, the chlorophyll, carotenoid contents and photosynthetic system were significantly decreased. Whereas, the antioxidative enzyme activity, proline, lipid peroxidation and soluble sugar has increased first and then decreased under treatments compared with the normal plants. Additionally, a total of 8832, 6608 and 3649 unigenes were validated to be differentially expressed under different treatments, respectively. Besides, gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of the different expression levels of genes also presented processes, which involved in photosynthesis, sucrose catabolism, glycolysis, stress response and defense, phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction.ConclusionsThe results provide a comprehensive view of the complex molecular events involved in the response to flooding stress of Nakai leaves, which also will promote the research in the development of flood-resistant crops and provide new tools for Nakai breeders.
Highlights
In recent decades, the frequency of flooding is increasing with the change of global climate
Chlorophyll and carotenoid content To dissect the influence of Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents under different times of flooding stress, we determined the chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoid content of normal (0-DAF) and after samples treatment for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days after flooding (DAF)
The results showed that the chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoid content were significantly decreased with the continuation of flooding treatment (Table 1)
Summary
The frequency of flooding is increasing with the change of global climate. Flooding condition imposes serious threat to plant survival by disturbing normal growth and development, hampering different physiological and metabolic activities, which includes reduction in stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate, photosynthesis rate, and nutritional imbalance. These adverse effects might lead to loss of crop yield, and severe suffering may result plant death [7, 11,12,13]. Previous studies indicated that increase in soluble sugars and proline can offer protection for flooded plants by improving cell osmotic potential [24, 25]
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