Abstract
BackgroundOriental hybrid lily ‘Sorbonne’, a very important cut flower for lily, is enjoyed great popularity in the world, but it must experience a period of low winter temperature to initiate or accelerate the flowering process. To gain a better understanding of the temperature signaling pathway and the molecular metabolic reactions involved in the vernalization response, a genome-wide transcriptional analysis using RNA-Seq was performed.Results188,447,956 sequencing reads was assembled into 66,327 unigenes and showed similarity to known proteins in the Swiss-Prot protein database, and 2,893, 30,406 and 60,737 unigenes aligned to existing sequences in the KEGG, COG, and GO databases. Based on qRT-PCR results, we studied the expression of three signal regulation pathways genes–the plant hormones signal transduction (LoAP2, LoIAA1, LoARF10), the DNA methylation (LoCMT, LoFLD), and vernalizatin pathway (LoFLC, LoVRN1, LoVRN2, LoFT, LoSOC1, LoLFY, LoSVP) in the immature flower buds of Oriental hybrid lily. In addition, we identified two vernalizaiton–related genes (LoSVP and LoVRN1) from the cDNA library, which appear to be promising candidates for playing key roles in the development and response of flowering in Oriental lily plants, and LoSVP had a function in delaying flowering but LoVRN1could promote flowering early.ConclusionsWe collected a sample for transcriptome sequencing and comparison when the bulb’s apical meristem was in the time of floral transition when the apical meristem had not converted into the morphological differentiation process, which helped to obtain more genes playing key roles in the floral induction pathways. The upstream and downstream relationship between different genes were forecasted by the analysis of genes’ expression levels in a wide range of time. Future research that is targeted towards how genes interact on each other, which will promote establishing and perfecting the molecular mechanisms of floral induction pathway by vernalization.
Highlights
Oriental hybrid lily ‘Sorbonne’, a very important cut flower for lily, is enjoyed great popularity in the world, but it must experience a period of low winter temperature to initiate or accelerate the flowering process
FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is highly expressed in plants that have not experienced vernalization [6, 7], and FLC protein was binded to the promoter of SUPPRESSOR OF OVER-EXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) and sequences in an FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) intron to repress transcription of both these genes [6, 7], which delays flowering
Illumina sequencing data and de novo assembly To enrich the number of genes involved in our transcriptome, cDNA samples were extracted from total RNA isolated from shoot apical meristem (SAM) for three libraries
Summary
Oriental hybrid lily ‘Sorbonne’, a very important cut flower for lily, is enjoyed great popularity in the world, but it must experience a period of low winter temperature to initiate or accelerate the flowering process. Vernalization is a complicated process of plant development that is essential for plants to grow in unfavorable environmental conditions, which occurs during cold environment, and flowering only occurs some weeks or even some months later when some other conditions, including the presence of certain photoperiods and ambient temperatures, are met [1]. It is a temporary suspension of vernalization for plants of obvious growth containing meristems. Some other target genes or FLC orthologues were key to the developmental release that enables flowering [8, 9] in other plant species
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