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Abstract
The Lycaenidae butterflies, Protantigius superans and Spindasis takanosis, are endangered insects in Korea known for their symbiotic association with ants. However, necessary genomic and transcriptomics data are lacking in these species, limiting conservation efforts. In this study, the P. superans and S. takanosis transcriptomes were deciphered using Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing. The P. superans and S. takanosis transcriptome data included a total of 254,340,693 and 245,110,582 clean reads assembled into 159,074 and 170,449 contigs and 107,950 and 121,140 unigenes, respectively. BLASTX hits (E-value of 1.0 × 10−5) against the known protein databases annotated a total of 46,754 and 51,908 transcripts for P. superans and S. takanosis. Approximately 41.25% and 38.68% of the unigenes for P. superans and S. takanosis found homologous sequences in Protostome DB (PANM-DB). BLAST2GO analysis confirmed 18,611 unigenes representing Gene Ontology (GO) terms and a total of 5259 unigenes assigned to 116 pathways for P. superans. For S. takanosis, a total of 6697 unigenes were assigned to 119 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database. Additionally, 382,164 and 390,516 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) were compiled from the unigenes of P. superans and S. takanosis, respectively. This is the first report to record new genes and their utilization for conservation of lycaenid species population and as a reference information for closely related species.
Highlights
Butterflies form an invincible part of the Earth’s rich biodiversity and are considered as quality-of-life indicators
In order to obtain the transcriptomes of the endangered Lycaenid butterflies S. takanosis and P. superans, a cDNA library was constructed from the RNA isolated from the whole body of adult insects and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform
The Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing of P. superans generated a total of 258,875,070 raw reads (32,618,258,820 bases) with a mean length of 126 bp
Summary
Butterflies form an invincible part of the Earth’s rich biodiversity and are considered as quality-of-life indicators. Butterflies accord aesthetic value, are part of our natural heritage, and are portrayed as a symbol of beauty, peace or freedom They are of immense scientific value and have been used in diverse areas of biological research including pest control, population dynamics, biodiversity conservation, evolution, and genetics. The Lycaenidae family species Spindasis takanosis and Protantigius superans were listed as endangered in Korea by a Ministry of Environment report in 2005 [11]. These Lycaenid have been classified as Level 2 species and are vulnerable to face extinction unless threatening factors are eliminated or mitigated. This study bridges the gap between the genomic sequence information of model organisms vs. non-model species that are essentially the viable targets of biodiversity conservation and phylogenetics
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