Abstract
Transcriptome analysis (TA) was conducted to characterize the transcriptome changes in postharvest disease-related genes of table grapes following treatment with Pichia anomala induced with chitosan (1% w/v). In the current study, the difference in the gene expression of table grapes after treatment with P. anomala induced with chitosan and that of a control group was compared 72 h post-inoculation. The study revealed that postharvest treatment of table grapes with P. anomala induced with chitosan could up-regulate genes that have a pivotal role in the fruit’s disease defense. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) results also confirmed that GO terms and the KEGG pathways, which have pivotal roles in plant disease resistance, were significantly enriched. The up-regulated genes of the treatment group have a unique function in the fruit’s disease resistance compared to the control group. Generally, most genes in the plant–pathogen interaction pathway; the plant Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway; the plant hormone signal transduction pathway; the pathway of glutathione metabolism; the pathway of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; and the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis were all up-regulated. These up-regulations help the fruit to synthesize disease-resistant substances, regulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhance the fruit cell wall, and enrich hormone signal transduction during the pathogen’s attack. This study is useful to overcome the lags in applying transcriptomics technology in postharvest pathology, and will provide insight towards developing other alternative methods to using bio-pesticides to control postharvest diseases of perishables.
Highlights
This paper presents the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology and physiological test analysis of postharvest treatment to the response of P. anomala in table grapes
Transcriptome Analysis of Table Grapes Treated with P. anomala Induced with Chitosan
Each sample obtained a total of 34,883 reads, which has a GC percentage of approximately
Summary
The DNA of an organism’s genome is where the information is contained and expressed through transcription. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is one of the latest techniques using the high-throughput sequencing method to identify genes that are differentially expressed between two samples and has become a powerful method for studying the transcriptome [2]. This technique has been performed for many plant–pathogen interactions, including Colletotrichum fungi, Arabidopsis thaliana and maize [3], Magnaporthe oryzae and rice [4], Zymoseptoria tritici and wheat [5], and Phytophthora nicotianae and tobacco [6]. It is worth noting that apples [8], sweet oranges [9], pears [10], strawberries [11], etc., have seen their whole genomes sequenced
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