Abstract
Background: Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis can develop resistance to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize expressing Cry1Ah-toxin. However, the mechanisms that regulate the resistance of ACB to Cry1Ah-toxin are unknown.Objective: In order to understand the molecular basis of the Cry1Ah-toxin resistance in ACB, “omics” analyses were performed to examine the difference between Cry1Ah-resistant (ACB-AhR) and susceptible (ACB-BtS) strains of ACB at both transcriptional and translational levels.Results: A total of 7,007 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 182 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between ACB-AhR and ACB-BtS and 90 genes had simultaneous transcription and translation profiles. Down-regulated genes associated with Cry1Ah resistance included aminopeptidase N, ABCC3, DIMBOA-induced cytochrome P450, alkaline phosphatase, glutathione S-transferase, cadherin-like protein, and V-ATPase. Whereas, anti-stress genes, such as heat shock protein 70 and carboxylesterase were up-regulated in ACB-AhR, displaying that a higher proportion of genes/proteins related to resistance was down-regulated compared to up-regulated. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis mapped 578 and 29 DEGs and DEPs, to 27 and 10 pathways, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, real-time quantitative (qRT-PCR) results based on relative expression levels of randomly selected genes confirmed the “omics” response.Conclusion: Despite the previous studies, this is the first combination of a study using RNA-Seq and iTRAQ approaches on Cry1Ah-toxin binding, which led to the identification of longer length of unigenes in ACB. The DEGs and DEPs results are valuable for further clarifying Cry1Ah-mediated resistance.
Highlights
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the main crop in terms of production and planting area (Wang et al, 2014)
Modified crops produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are effective in controlling this endemic pest of maize, likewise, the transgenic Bt maize, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ie, and Cry1Ah which express transgenic insecticidal proteins are assumed to show effectiveness against infestation of Asian corn borer (ACB) (Zhang et al, 2013; Shabbir et al, 2018)
Evolution of potential resistance to various Bt toxins Cry1Ac, Cry1Ie, and Cry1F has been observed in ACB in laboratory selection (He et al, 2003; Wang et al, 2016), and one ACB-AhR strain had developed resistance to Cry1Ah, and readily consumed Cry1Ah-Bt maize (Shabbir et al, 2018)
Summary
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the main crop in terms of production and planting area (Wang et al, 2014). The potential of ACB having adaptation to many host crops and higher fecundity are the key factors in developing Bt resistance (Zhang et al, 2014). Modified crops produced by Bt are effective in controlling this endemic pest of maize, likewise, the transgenic Bt maize, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ie, and Cry1Ah which express transgenic insecticidal proteins are assumed to show effectiveness against infestation of ACB (Zhang et al, 2013; Shabbir et al, 2018). Evolution of potential resistance to various Bt toxins Cry1Ac, Cry1Ie, and Cry1F has been observed in ACB in laboratory selection (He et al, 2003; Wang et al, 2016), and one ACB-AhR strain had developed resistance to Cry1Ah, and readily consumed Cry1Ah-Bt maize (Shabbir et al, 2018). Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis can develop resistance to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize expressing Cry1Ah-toxin. The mechanisms that regulate the resistance of ACB to Cry1Ah-toxin are unknown
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