Abstract
There are few reports on the reproductive biology of celery, which produces small flowers in a long flowering period. Anther development was analyzed by paraffin sectioning and related genes were examined by transcriptome sequencing and qPCR. The development process was divided into nine stages based on the significant changes in the cell and tissue morphologies. These stages included: archesporial stage, sporogenous cell stage, microspore mother cell stage, dyad and tetrad stage, mononuclear microspore stage, late uninucleate microspore stage, binuclear cell stage, mature pollen stage, and dehiscence stage. A total of 1074 differentially expressed genes were identified by transcriptome sequencing in the early flower bud, middle flower bud, and early flowering period. Functional annotation indicated that these genes were involved in physiological and biochemical processes such as ribosomes metabolism, sugar metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Transcription factors such as C2H2, AP2/ERF, bZIP, WRKY, and MYB played key regulatory roles in anther development and had different regulatory capabilities at various stages. The expression patterns based on qPCR and transcriptome data of the selected transcription factor genes showed consistency, suggesting that these genes played an important role in different flower development stages. These results provide a theoretical basis for molecular breeding of new celery varieties with pollen abortion. Furthermore, they have enriched research on the reproductive biology of celery and the Apiaceae family.
Highlights
IntroductionThe anther is where male gametophytes (pollen) are produced
In flowering plants, the anther is where male gametophytes are produced
If the callose does not degrade during this period, it will lead to abnormal meiosis, which will affect the release of microspores, resulting in abnormal development of the anther and subsequent formation of male-sterile plants
Summary
The anther is where male gametophytes (pollen) are produced. Agronomy 2020, 10, 653 is composed of four layers of cells: the epidermis, the fiber layer, the middle layer, and tapetum, which maintains anther structure and pollen development. Studies have shown that synthesis, accumulation, and degradation of callose occur during anther development. Any abnormality in these steps can lead to anther sterility leading to the production of male-sterile lines [1]. In this context, the use of male-sterile lines as parents for crossbreeding can lead to huge savings in emasculation [2]
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