Abstract
Vaccination is an effective and safe strategy for combating bacterial diseases in fish, but the mechanisms underlying the early immune response after vaccination remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we used RNA-seq technology to perform transcriptome analysis of spleens from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) induced by inactivated trivalent bacterial vaccine (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila). A total of 2,789 or 1,511 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained at 24 or 72 h after vaccination, including 1,132 or 842 remarkably up-regulated genes and 1,657 or 669 remarkably down-regulated genes, respectively. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichments revealed that numerous DEGs belong to immune-relevant genes, involved in many immune-relevant pathways. Most of the strongly up-regulated DEGs are innate defense molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides, complement components, lectins, and transferrins. Trivalent bacterial vaccine affected the expressions of many components associated with bacterial ligand–depending Toll-like receptor signaling pathways and inflammasome formation, indicating that multiple innate immune processes were activated at the early period of vaccination in large yellow croaker. Moreover, the expression levels of genes involved in antigen processing were also up-regulated by bacterial vaccine. However, the expression levels of several T cell receptors and related CD molecules and signal transducers were down-regulated, suggesting that the T cell receptor signaling pathway was rapidly suppressed after vaccination. These results provide the comprehensive insights into the early immune response of large yellow croaker to vaccination and valuable information for developing a highly immunogenic vaccine against bacterial infection in teleosts.
Highlights
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is one of the most important aquaculture species in China, with the annual yield exceeding any other net-cage-farmed marine fish species [1]
Chemotherapeutants and antibiotics are useful for preventing bacterial infection, but long term treatment often leads to resistance and environmental pollution [5]
To date RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) based transcriptome profiling has been widely used in fish for identifying host determinants of response to bacterial infection [22, 23, 31,32,33]
Summary
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is one of the most important aquaculture species in China, with the annual yield exceeding any other net-cage-farmed marine fish species [1]. The diseases caused by bacteria, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus [2], Vibrio alginolyticus [3], and Aeromonas hydrophila [4], outbreak frequently and result in tremendous economic losses in large yellow croaker aquaculture industry. Vaccination is an effective and safe strategy for combating bacterial diseases in fish [6]. A number of vaccines are commercially available for use in the aquaculture industry, such as formalin-inactivated Yersinia ruckeri [7], Aeromonas salmonicida [8], and Vibrio anguillarum [9]. Several studies on the gene expression changes have been performed to understand the immune response to bacterial vaccines in fish. In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), the increased expressions of antibacterial proteins and proteases were observed after vaccination with live Aeromonas salmonicida [11]. The genes involved in inflammation and antioxidant defense were upregulated in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) following vaccination with heat-killed Vibrio anguillarum [13]
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