Abstract
Lentinula edodes is one of the most popular edible mushrooms worldwide and contains important medicinal components such as lentinan, ergosterol, and eritadenine. Mushroom metabolism is regulated by the mycelia and fruit body using light; however, in mushrooms, the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling this process as well as light-induced gene expression remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we compared morphological changes and gene expression in the fruit bodies of L. edodes cultivated under blue light and continuous darkness. Our results showed that blue light primarily induced pileus growth (diameter and thickness) compared to dark cultivation. Alternatively, stipe length development was promoted by dark cultivation. We also performed RNAseq on L. edodes under the blue light/dark cultivation conditions. A total of 12,051 genes were used for aligning the Illumina raw reads and 762 genes that showed fold change cut-offs of >|2| and significance p-values of <0.05 were selected under blue light condition. Among the genes which showed two-fold changed genes, 221 were upregulated and 541 were downregulated. In order to identify blue light induced candidate genes, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected according to 4-fold changes and validated by RT-PCR. We identified 8 upregulated genes under blue light condition, such as DDR48-heat shock protein, Fasciclin-domain-containing protein and carbohydrate esterase family 4 protein, FAD NAD-binding domain-containing protein that are involved in morphological development of primordium and embryonic muscle development, cell adhesion and affect the structure of cellulosic and non-cellulosic cell walls of fruit body development, and photoreceptor of blue light signaling for fruit body and pigment development, respectively. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of blue light in mushroom growth and development and can thus contribute to breeding programs to improve mushroom cultivation.
Highlights
Fungi belong to the eukaryotic group further including organisms such as yeast, mold, and mushrooms
At stage 2 under blue light conditions, pileus diameter and thickness were 18.9 and 3.4 mm higher than the pileus exposed to continuous darkness, respectively, whereas stipe length and diameter were 6.7 and 1.2 mm smaller than the stipe of the fruit body under dark conditions, respectively
At stage 3 under blue light conditions, diameter and thickness of the fruit body pileus were 16.8 and 2.0 mm higher than the pileus of the fruit body exposed to continuous darkness, respectively, whereas stipe length and diameter were 19.4 and 2.6 mm smaller than the stipe of the fruit body under dark conditions, respectively
Summary
Fungi belong to the eukaryotic group further including organisms such as yeast, mold, and mushrooms. Previous research found that light plays a role in the effective regulation of secondary metabolites by the mycelia and fruit body of mushrooms [7]. In Neurospora crassa, light was involved in the pigment biosynthesis pathway in mycelia as well as in the progression of its reproductive stage [10,11]. These processes were caused by the white collar 1 (wc-1) and white collar 2 (wc-2) genes [12] which have been reported to act as photoreceptors and transcription factors and have operated as a photomorphogenesis in Agaricomycetes [13,14]
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