Abstract
The Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer belonging to the Araliaceae has long been used as an herbal medicine. Although public databases are presently available for this family, no methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicited transcriptomic information was previously reported on this species, with the exception of a few expressed sequence tags (ESTs) using the traditional Sanger method. Here, approximately 53 million clean reads of adventitious root transcriptome were separately filtered via Illumina HiSeq™2000 from two samples treated with MeJA (Pg-MeJA) and equal volumes of solvent, ethanol (Pg-Con). Jointly, a total of 71,095 all-unigenes from both samples were assembled and annotated, and based on sequence similarity search with known proteins, a total of 56,668 unigenes was obtained. Out of these annotated unigenes, 54,920 were assigned to the NCBI non-redundant protein (Nr) database, 35,448 to the Swiss-prot database, 43,051 to gene ontology (GO), and 19,986 to clusters of orthologous groups (COG). Searching in the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway database indicated that 32,200 unigenes were mapped to 128 KEGG pathways. Moreover, we obtained several genes showing a wide range of expression levels. We also identified a total of 749 ginsenoside biosynthetic enzyme genes and 12 promising pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) genes related to ginsenoside transport.
Highlights
IntroductionThe major pharmacologically active compounds of ginseng are ginsenosides belonging to dammarane and oleanane type triterpene saponins
methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-elicited insufficient transcriptomic and genomic data on P. ginseng in the public databases has limited our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying gene discovery and gene profiling
Biosynthesis of many types of secondary metabolites including ginsenosides and their transport and accumulation are induced by MeJA [67]
Summary
The major pharmacologically active compounds of ginseng are ginsenosides belonging to dammarane and oleanane type triterpene saponins. Dammarane-type consists of two groups based on their structure, i.e., the Rb group (protopanaxadiols, including Ra1, Ra2, Rb1,Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rg3, Rh2 and others) and the Rg group (protopanaxatriols, including Rg1, Rg2, Re, Rf, Rh1 and others), while oleanane-type ginsenoside represents only one saponin, Ro [7]. They have been identified in all parts of the plant, including the root, stem, leaf and flower [8]. Research for years on its highly valued root has largely been conducted due to its important herbal applications since ancient times
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