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Abstract
Simple SummaryThe two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is an important agricultural pest. Gene expression dynamics during different development time points of deutonymphal development process in T. urticae were investigated. The transcriptome sequencing aims to identify hormone- and cuticle-related genes that regulated the development process of spider mite. Moreover, this comprehensive transcriptome will provide a foundation for further research of development process in T. urticae.Tetranychus urticae is an important agricultural pest that feeds on more than 1100 plant species. To investigate gene expression network in development process of deutonymph, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of different developmental time points of deutonymph in T. urticae was performed. Comparing with expression profile of 7 h, 309, 876, 2736, and 3432 differential expression genes were detected at time points 14 h, 21 h, 28 h, and 35 h, respectively. The expression dynamic analysis indicated that genes in hormone- (ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone) and cuticle- (chitin and cuticle proteins) related pathways were indispensable for development process in deutonymph. Among hormone related pathway genes, the ecdysteroid biosynthesis pathway genes were highly expressed at the growth period of development process, which is opposite to the expression patterns of juvenile hormone biosynthesis pathway genes. For cuticle related pathway genes, 13 chitinase genes were identified in the genome of T. urticae, and 8 chitinase genes were highly expressed in different time points of developmental process in the deutonymph of T. urticae. Additionally, 59 cuticle protein genes were identified from genome, and most of the cuticle protein genes were expressed in the molting period of developmental process in deutonymph. This study reveals critical genes involved in the development process of deutonymph and also provides comprehensive development transcriptome information for finding more molecular targets to control this pest.
Highlights
The insect cuticle is composed of chitin and cuticle proteins (CPs), which bind with each other to keep stable of cuticle structure to maintain the insect physical function [2]
To identify the genes related with development process of spider mite systematically, 15 RNA libraries in different development time points (7 h, 14 h, 21 h, 28 h, and 35 h) with three biological replications for each development time point were constructed by Illumina Hiseq platform
To screen the regulate pathway networks in the development process of deutonymph in T. urticae, five different development time points from two different periods of deutonymph (7 h, 14 h, 21 h, 28 h, and 35 h) in deutonymphs stage were collected for comparative transcriptome analysis
Summary
The epidermis of arthropods is the shield to protect themselves from damage in the environment and the loss of water for better adapting to the environment, and the hard exoskeleton on the insect body to provide strongly mechanical support and maintenance of morphology [1]. Chitin is a polysaccharide of widespread existence in organisms [3]. Chitin is primarily distributed in ectodermal epithelial tissues, such as cuticles, gut, and trachea [4]. Insects need to degrade the old cuticle for the periodical molting during the developmental process. Insect chitinase is required for chitin degradation in the old cuticle, belonging to the glycoside hydrolases 18 family (GH18) [8]. Chitinases display different expression dynamics in different development process and tissues of insects [9]
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