Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays important roles in plant biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, the effect of H2O2 stress on the bread wheat transcriptome is still lacking. To investigate the cellular and metabolic responses triggered by H2O2, we performed an mRNA tag analysis of wheat seedlings under 10 mM H2O2 treatment for 6 hour in one powdery mildew (PM) resistant (PmA) and two susceptible (Cha and Han) lines. In total, 6,156, 6,875 and 3,276 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed in PmA, Han and Cha respectively. Among them, 260 genes exhibited consistent expression patterns in all three wheat lines and may represent a subset of basal H2O2 responsive genes that were associated with cell defense, signal transduction, photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, redox homeostasis, and transport. Among genes specific to PmA, ‘transport’ activity was significantly enriched in Gene Ontology analysis. MapMan classification showed that, while both up- and down- regulations were observed for auxin, abscisic acid, and brassinolides signaling genes, the jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathway genes were all up-regulated, suggesting H2O2-enhanced JA/Et functions in PmA. To further study whether any of these genes were involved in wheat PM response, 19 H2O2-responsive putative defense related genes were assayed in wheat seedlings infected with Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt). Eight of these genes were found to be co-regulated by H2O2 and Bgt, among which a fatty acid desaturase gene TaFAD was then confirmed by virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) to be required for the PM resistance. Together, our data presents the first global picture of the wheat transcriptome under H2O2 stress and uncovers potential links between H2O2 and Bgt responses, hence providing important candidate genes for the PM resistance in wheat.
Highlights
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a well known toxic molecule and is a specific component of several biotic and abiotic signaling pathways [1]
Affect genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, and drive the expression of genes involved in signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and protein, carbohydrate or lipid metabolism, illustrating the complexity of the transcriptional responses to H2O2
The results showed that the internal H2O2 level increased by more than 200% over the control in all of the three wheat lines (Figure 1C)
Summary
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a well known toxic molecule and is a specific component of several biotic and abiotic signaling pathways [1]. Global gene expression profiling experiments on H2O2-treated plants have revealed a large number of genes in Arabidopsis and tobacco that are mostly involved in response to oxidative stress [12]–[14]. Such treatments, affect genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, and drive the expression of genes involved in signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and protein, carbohydrate or lipid metabolism, illustrating the complexity of the transcriptional responses to H2O2. The study identified proteins that are involved in various cellular responses and metabolic processes, redox homeostasis, signal transduction, protein synthesis and degradation, photosynthesis and photorespiration, and carbohydrate/energy metabolism
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