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Abstract
Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic parasitic disease, is caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. CE inflicts severe damage in cattle, sheep, and human hosts worldwide. Fertile CE cysts are characterized by the presence of viable protoscoleces. These parasite forms are studied with minimal contamination with host molecules. Hosts, cattle and sheep, show differences in their CE cyst fertility. The effect of the host in protoscolex transcriptome is not known. We genotyped and performed transcriptomic analysis on sheep protoscoleces obtained from liver and lung CE cysts. The transcriptomic data of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto protoscoleces from 6 lung CE cysts and 6 liver CE cysts were Collected. For host comparison analysis, 4 raw data files belonging to Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto protoscoleces from cattle liver CE cysts were obtained from the NCBI SRA database. Principal component and differential expression analysis did not reveal any statistical differences between protoscoleces obtained from liver or lung cysts, either within the same sheep or different sheep hosts. Conversely, there are significant differences between cattle and sheep protoscolex samples. We found differential expression of immune-related genes. In cattle, 7 genes were upregulated in protoscoleces from liver cysts. In sheep, 3 genes were upregulated in protoscoleces from liver and lung CE cysts. Noteworthy, are the differential expression of antigen B, tegument antigen, and arginase-2 in samples obtained from sheep CE cysts, and basigin in samples from cattle CE cysts. These findings suggest that the host species is an important factor involved in the differential expression of immune related genes, which in turn is possibly related to the fertility of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto cysts.
Highlights
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by infection with the metacestode stage (CE cyst) of the flatworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.), is a major zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution
The PSC samples obtained from sheep liver CE cysts, Li01 and Li03 belong to haplotype EgCL34 (Accession No MZ645038), Li02 to Eg01 (Accession No JQ250806), Li04 to EgCL32 (Accession No MK399402.1), Li05 and Li06 to EgAus03 (Accession No KT968704.1)
The PSC samples obtained from sheep lung CE cysts, Lu01-03 belong to haplotype EgCL22 (Accession No MK139300.1), Lu04 to EgCL32 (Accession No MK399402.1), Lu05 to EgRUS7 (Accession No AB777904.1) and Lu06 to EgMGL9 (Accession No AB893250.1)
Summary
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by infection with the metacestode stage (CE cyst) of the flatworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.), is a major zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. This Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) is included by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a part of a neglected zoonosis. CE cysts are a fluid filled structure, comprised of 3 layers: adventitial layer (formed by host-parasite reaction), laminated layer and the inner layer called germinal layer, this last layer and its cellular component differentiate to the infective stage, the protoscolex (PSC) [2]. The low host specificity of this parasite is reflected in the large list of intermediate hosts, even including abdominal cysts in domestics cats [3]
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