Transcriptome Analysis of Durusdinium Associated with the Transition from Free-Living to Symbiotic.

Ikuko Yuyama,Naoto Ugawa,Tetsuo Hashimoto

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9081560

Ikuko Yuyama, Naoto Ugawa + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081560

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Journal: Microorganisms	Publication Date: Jul 22, 2021
Citations: 3	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Yamaguchi University, University of Tsukuba

Abstract

To detect the change during coral–dinoflagellate endosymbiosis establishment, we compared transcriptome data derived from free-living and symbiotic Durusdinium, a coral symbiont genus. We detected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using two statistical methods (edgeR using raw read data and the Student’s t-test using bootstrap resampling read data) and detected 1214 DEGs between the symbiotic and free-living states, which we subjected to gene ontology (GO) analysis. Based on the representative GO terms and 50 DEGs with low false discovery rates, changes in Durusdinium during endosymbiosis were predicted. The expression of genes related to heat-shock proteins and microtubule-related proteins tended to decrease, and those of photosynthesis genes tended to increase. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis of dapdiamide A (antibiotics) synthase, which was upregulated among the 50 DEGs, confirmed that two genera in the Symbiodiniaceae family, Durusdinium and Symbiodinium, retain dapdiamide A synthase. This antibiotic synthase-related gene may contribute to the high stress tolerance documented in Durusdinium species, and its increased expression during endosymbiosis suggests increased antibacterial activity within the symbiotic complex.

Highlights

The dinoflagellate of the Symbiodiniaceae family live symbiotically with a variety of marine invertebrates, including clams, sea slugs, sea anemones, foraminifera, and corals [1,2,3]
A recent transcriptome analysis found that dinoflagellate genes involved in molecular chaperoning as well as sugar and ammonia transportation were suppressed during the establishment of endosymbiosis with Aiptasia and coral planula larvae [10,11]
Low reads derived from algae engaged in endosymbiosis with corals and free-living cultured algae were mapped against these contigs, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these states were identified

Summary

Introduction

The dinoflagellate of the Symbiodiniaceae family live symbiotically with a variety of marine invertebrates, including clams, sea slugs, sea anemones, foraminifera, and corals [1,2,3]. Previous studies have established a model endosymbiosis system consisting of monoclonal alga and juvenile corals, and transcriptome data for these coral–alga complexes have been published, with a focus on coral gene expression [11,14,15,16]. The gene expression levels of dinoflagellate during coral endosymbiosis have not been investigated due to a lack of transcriptome data

Results

Conclusion