Abstract
BackgroundCryptocaryon irritans, a species of obligatory ciliate ectoparasite, can infect various species of marine teleost fish. Cryptocaryon irritans that fall to the seabed or aquarium bottom in winter can form “dormant tomonts” and wake up when the temperature rises the next year. Abundant studies and analyses on the dormant tomonts were carried out at the transcriptome level, in order to investigate the molecular mechanism of C. irritans tomonts entering the dormant state under low-temperature conditions.MethodsThe paired-end sequencing strategy was used to better assemble the entire transcriptome de novo. All clean sequencing reads from each of the three libraries (Group A: untreated blank control; Group B: treated for 24 h at 12 °C; and Group C: developed for 24 h at 25 °C) were respectively mapped back to the transcriptome assembly using the bioinformatics software.ResultsIn this study, 25,695,034, 21,944,467, and 28,722,875 paired-end clean reads were obtained respectively from the three cDNA libraries of the C. irritans tomont by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. A total of 25,925 unique transcript fragments (unigenes) were assembled, with an average length of 839 bp. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were scrutinized; in Group B/A pairwise comparison, 343 genes presented differential expression, including 265 up-regulated genes and 78 down-regulated genes in Group B; in Group C/A pairwise comparison, there were 567 DEGs, including 548 up-regulated genes and 19 down-regulated genes in Group C; and in Group B/C pairwise comparison, 185 genes showed differential expression, including 145 up-regulated genes and 40 down-regulated genes in Group B.ConclusionsThis is the first transcriptomic analytical study of the C. irritans tomonts under low temperature. It can be concluded that most of the genes required for its cell survival under low temperature, or for cell entry into a deeper dormancy state were discovered, and that they might be considered as candidate genes to develop the diagnostic and control measures for cryptocaryoniasis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1550-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Cryptocaryon irritans, a species of obligatory ciliate ectoparasite, can infect various species of marine teleost fish
Cryptocaryoniasis is categorized as a “Class II animal epidemic” in China, which is caused by the ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans inhabiting the body surface of marine teleosts
It is believed that C. irritans that fall to seabed or aquarium bottom in winter can form “dormant tomonts” and wake up when the temperature rises year [7]
Summary
Cryptocaryon irritans, a species of obligatory ciliate ectoparasite, can infect various species of marine teleost fish. Cryptocaryon irritans that fall to the seabed or aquarium bottom in winter can form “dormant tomonts” and wake up when the temperature rises the year. Cryptocaryoniasis is categorized as a “Class II animal epidemic” in China, which is caused by the ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans inhabiting the body surface of marine teleosts. In recent years, this parasitic disease has often occurred in China’s coastal provinces and cities, bringing great losses to the fish farmers and relevant departments. It is believed that C. irritans that fall to seabed or aquarium bottom in winter can form “dormant tomonts” and wake up when the temperature rises year [7]
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