Abstract
BackgroundPomacea canaliculata is an important invasive species worldwide. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms behind species displacement, adaptational abilities, and pesticide resistance, partly because of the lack of genomic information that is available for this species. Here, the transcriptome sequences for the invasive golden apple snail P. canaliculata and the native mudsnail Cipangopaludina cahayensis were obtained by next-generation-sequencing and used to compare genomic divergence and identify molecular markers.ResultsMore than 46 million high quality sequencing reads were generated from P. canaliculata and C. cahayensis using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. Our analysis indicated that 11,312 unigenes from P. canaliculata and C. cahayensis showed significant similarities to known proteins families, among which a total of 4,320 specific protein families were identified. KEGG pathway enrichment was analyzed for the unique unigenes with 17 pathways (p-value < 10−5) in P. canaliculata relating predominantly to lysosomes and vitamin digestion and absorption, and with 12 identified in C. cahayensis, including cancer and toxoplasmosis pathways, respectively. Our analysis also indicated that the comparatively high number of P450 genes in the P. canaliculata transcriptome may be associated with the pesticide resistance in this species. Additionally, 16,717 simple sequence repeats derived from expressed sequence tags (EST-SSRs) were identified from the 14,722 unigenes in P. canaliculata and 100 of them were examined by PCR, revealing a species-specific molecular marker that could distinguish between the morphologically similar P. canaliculata and C. cahayensis snails.ConclusionsHere, we present the genomic resources of P. canaliculata and C. cahayensis. Differentially expressed genes in the transcriptome of P. canaliculata compared with C. cahayensis corresponded to critical metabolic pathways, and genes specifically related to environmental stress response were detected. The CYP4 family of P450 cytochromes that may be important factors in pesticide metabolism in P. canaliculata was identified. Overall, these findings will provide valuable genetic data for the further characterization of the molecular mechanisms that support the invasive and adaptive abilities of P. canaliculata.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0175-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Pomacea canaliculata is an important invasive species worldwide
The percentage of genes annotated as metallochaperone activity and translation regulator activity under the cellular component category was much higher in P. canaliculata compared with C. cahayensis. These results indicated that P. canaliculata might contain additional genes that are able to confer high competitiveness or strong resistance to envrionmental stress compared to C. cahayensis
We found that 13,351 C. cahayensis unigenes mapped to 276 pathways and 13,808 P. canaliculata genes mapped to 240 pathways, with different pathway associations between the two species
Summary
Pomacea canaliculata is an important invasive species worldwide. little is known about the molecular mechanisms behind species displacement, adaptational abilities, and pesticide resistance, partly because of the lack of genomic information that is available for this species. The transcriptome sequences for the invasive golden apple snail P. canaliculata and the native mudsnail Cipangopaludina cahayensis were obtained by next-generation-sequencing and used to compare genomic divergence and identify molecular markers. The golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) is native to South America and is beginning to emerge worldwide, among others China. It has become a highly damaging invasive species, affecting agriculture and fisheries, as well as pubilc heatlth [9,10,11,12,13,14]. The snail was first introduced to Zhongshan (Guangdong Province, China) as a human food source or aquarium pet [15] It adapted quickly and is found at least 11 provinces in southern China [16]. P. canaliculata serves as a major intermediate host for the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which has led to the emergence of human eosinophilic meningitis in China [16,19]
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