Abstract
Diplodia seriata, one of the major causal agents of Botryosphaeria dieback, spreads worldwide, causing cankers, leaf spots and fruit black rot in grapevine. Vitis rupestris is an American wild grapevine widely used for resistance and rootstock breeding and was found to be highly resistant to Botryosphaeria dieback. The defense responses of V. rupestris to D. seriata 98.1 were analyzed by RNA-seq in this study. There were 1365 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) and enriched by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The DEGs could be allocated to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and the plant–pathogen interaction pathway. Among them, 53 DEGs were transcription factors (TFs). The expression levels of 12 genes were further verified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The aggregation of proteins on the plasma membrane, formation variations in the cytoskeleton and plasmodesmata and hormone regulations revealed a declined physiological status in V. rupestris suspension cells after incubation with the culture filtrates of D. seriata 98.1. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms in grapevine cells’ response to D. seriata 98.1, which will be valuable for the control of Botryosphaeria dieback.
Highlights
Botryosphaeria dieback, together with Esca, Eutypa dieback and Phomopsis, is the most important complex grapevine trunk disease (GTD) worldwide [1]
A total of 1365 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (748 were up-regulated and 617 were down-regulated, Figure 1B) were identified in V. rupestris expressing GFP-AtTUB6 incubated with D. seriata 98.1 compared to the mock-incubated control
ethylene-responsive factor (ERF), WRKY, MYB and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) were detected to respond to D. seriata 98.1 incubation
Summary
Botryosphaeria dieback, together with Esca, Eutypa dieback and Phomopsis, is the most important complex grapevine trunk disease (GTD) worldwide [1]. Botryosphaeria dieback caused by botryosphaeriaceous fungi is probably the most widespread GTD in the world [5]. In addition to colonization of the vine by pruning wounds, invasion of botryosphaeriaceous fungal agents occurs by airborne inoculum during rainfall in the vegetative growth period [2,6]. Many efforts have been made to either protectively optimize the pruning time and technique or use pruning wound protectants; no efficient protective or curative measures have yet been found to control this aggressive disease [2]
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