Abstract
Temperature rising caused by global warming has imposed significant negative effects on crop qualities and yields. To get the well-known molecular mechanism upon the higher temperature, we carefully analyzed the RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic responses of two contrasting chieh-qua genotypes: A39 (heat-tolerant) and H5 (heat-sensitive). In this study, twelve cDNA libraries generated from A39 and H5 were performed with a transcriptome assay under normal and heat stress conditions, respectively. A total of 8705 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected under normal conditions (3676 up-regulated and 5029 down-regulated) and 1505 genes under heat stress (914 up-regulated and 591 down-regulated), respectively. A significant positive correlation between RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR results was identified. DEGs related to heat shock proteins (HSPs), ubiquitin-protein ligase, transcriptional factors, and pentatricopeptide repeat-containing proteins were significantly changed after heat stress. Several genes, which encoded HSPs (CL2311.Contig3 and CL6612.Contig2), cytochrome P450 (CL4517.Contig4 and CL683.Contig7), and bHLH TFs (CL914.Contig2 and CL8321.Contig1) were specifically induced after four days of heat stress. DEGs detected in our study between these two contrasting cultivars would provide a novel basis for isolating useful candidate genes of heat stress responses in chieh-qua.
Highlights
Heat stress due to high ambient temperatures caused by global warming has posed a serious threat to crop production worldwide and most likely the damage level will remain on an upward trend in future [1,2]
Using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we found that the number of stomas in A39 (Figure 1C) was much less than H5 (Figure 1D) in the same field size, indicating that H5 lost water more when encountered to heat stress
There was no difference of enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) between A39 and H5 before heat, while H5 presented prominent decrease of SOD at the fourth day after heat stress (Figure 1G)
Summary
Heat stress due to high ambient temperatures caused by global warming has posed a serious threat to crop production worldwide and most likely the damage level will remain on an upward trend in future [1,2]. To survive in the ambient temperature conditions, plants have to evolve a multiple of internal tolerant strategies, such as the protection of heat shock proteins (HSPs), the level changes of phytohormones, and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by different oxidation- reduction enzymes [6,7,8]. Phytohormones signal transduction or content such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ETH) are reported to be induced by heat stress in different plant species [12,13]. Under high temperature stress, ABA could induce the expression of HSP70, leading to the increased heat tolerance in cucumber [20]. We obtained two differently heat resistant chieh-qua cultivas and firstly carried out RNA-sequencing analysis to explore the transcriptional variations under normal and high temperature conditions, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis in the regulatory mechanism on heat tolerance in chieh-qua
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