Abstract
ABSTRACT Rugosa rugosa has high tolerance to various stresses; however, the molecular mechanisms of this behavior under adverse conditions are unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate expression patterns of stress-related genes in response to salinity stress. Changes in transcript levels of R. rugose, grown under different salt stress conditions (0, 25, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) over a long exposure period (30 days), have been investigated. In addition, the effects of salt shock stress on seedlings exposed to a high level (200 mM) of NaCl for a relatively short duration (3 h) have also been investigated. Expression levels of selected differentially expressed genes have been determined using relative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). It has been observed that seedlings exposed to salt stress for a long duration exhibited no signs of stress in both leaves and roots. In addition, expression of NHX1 in R. rugosa increased in the presence of NaCl. Furthermore, transcripts of EXP4, GPP, NHX1, NAC, and DREB genes also increased under high levels of NaCl. In contrast, expression levels of MYB and TIR decreased during this salt shock treatment. Of particular interest is the increase in levels of transcripts of NHX1 in leaves of seedlings grown under both salt stress and salt shock conditions, thus suggesting that this gene plays an important role in salt stress tolerance in R. rugosa. These findings will support efforts in enhancing salt tolerance in roses, and perhaps in other members of the Rosaceae family.
Highlights
Rosa rugosa Thumb., commonly known as rugosa rose or Japanese rose, is native to East Asia (Bruun, 2005)
Rosa rugosa originally grew in sand dunes
As high soil salinity can occur naturally or human induced, it is important the introduction of good agricultural practices associated with the use of genotypes that are more tolerant to salinity soil conditions to alleviate salt stress problems
Summary
Rosa rugosa Thumb., commonly known as rugosa rose or Japanese rose, is native to East Asia (Bruun, 2005). It is an important species for ornamental use in gardens, fragrance extraction, medicinal and food purposes, as well as a source of several valuable biological metabolites (Na et al, 2016; Olech; Nowak, 2012; Ren et al, 2018; Xie; Zhang, 2012; Zhang et al, 2019). In European coastal areas, R. rugosa has been introduced for sand stabilization and for creating pathway boundaries, and it has been used for ornamental purposes (Bruun, 2006; Hill et al, 2010). This species is considered as an invasive plant that is difficult to control in northern Europe due to its high competitiveness (Kelager; Pedersen; Bruun, 2013; Stefanowicz et al, 2019)
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