Abstract
Bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) have been reported to enhance plant growth and elicit plant defenses against fungal infection and insect damage. The objective of this study was to determine transcriptomic changes in response to synthetic BVC that could be associated with plant resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in creeping bentgrass. The 2,3-butanediol (BD) (250 µM) was sprayed on creeping bentgrass leaves grown in jam jars. The result showed that synthetic BD induced plant defense against R. solani for creeping bentgrass. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that more genes were repressed by BD while less showed up-regulation. BD suppressed the expression of some regular stress-related genes in creeping bentgrass, such as pheromone activity, calcium channel activity, photosystem II oxygen evolving complex, and hydrolase activity, while up-regulated defense related transcription factors (TFs), such as basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs, cysteine2-cysteine2-contans-like (C2C2-CO) and no apical meristem TFs (NAC). Other genes related to disease resistance, such as jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, leucine rich repeats (LRR)-transmembrane protein kinase, pathogen-related (PR) gene 5 receptor kinase and nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeats (NBS-LRR) domain containing plant resistance gene (R-gene) were also significantly up-regulated. These results suggest that BD may induce changes to the plant transcriptome in induced systemic resistance (ISR) pathways.
Highlights
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a wide range of root-colonizing bacteria with the capacity to enhance plant growth under normal and stress conditions [1,2,3]
250 μM BD showed greater suppression of disease symptom development than the other concentrations compared with the control (Figure 1B)
Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that BD suppressed the expression of some regular stress-related genes in creeping bentgrass, such as pheromone activity, calcium channel activity, photosystem
Summary
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a wide range of root-colonizing bacteria with the capacity to enhance plant growth under normal and stress conditions [1,2,3]. Application of some PGPR strains to seeds or seedlings has been found to enhance plant growth and induce disease resistance [4,5,6,7]. The PGPR promote disease resistance in many plant species, such as bean (Glycine max) [8], carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) [9], cucumber (Cucumis sativus) [10], radish (Raphanus sativus) [11], tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) [12], tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) [13] and thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) [14]. The positive effects of some PGPR on plant growth may be due to the effects of BVCs, serving as an elicitor to induce plant defense systems against diseases [15]. The major forms of plant-induced resistance are induced systemic resistance (ISR)
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