Abstract
This chapter discusses the molecular mechanism of alcohol dehydrogenase ( Adh ) regulation with special attention to the cis elements and the trans -acting factors that play a role in transcription. Adh is a biochemically defined genetic system. It describes the phenomena associated with mutations, gene structure, and gene regulation that predated and even inspired gene cloning and sequencing experiments. Adh occupies a prominent position as an inducible gene. Hypoxic conditions sharply increase Adh gene transcription in many plant parts while greatly reducing the expression of most other genes. The Adh enzyme is involved in the anaerobic fermentation pathway. While the expression of Adh genes is characterized in several plant species, it is most extensively studied in maize. There are two Adh genes in maize: Adh1 and Adh2 . The study of Adh genes provide detailed insights into the minutiae of plant gene transcription, as well as a broad perspective of the nuances involved in genetic, environmental, and developmental control of gene expression.
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