Abstract
BackgroundAgricultural yield is closely associated with nitrogen application. Thus, reducing the application of nitrogen without affecting agricultural production remains a challenging task. To understand the metabolic, physiological, and morphological response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to nitrogen deficiency, it is crucial to identify the genes involved in the activated signaling pathways.ResultsWe conducted a hydroponic experiment using a complete nutrient solution (N1) and a nutrient solution without nitrogen (N0). Wheat plants under nitrogen-deficient conditions (NDC) showed decreased crop height, leaf area, root volume, photosynthetic rate, crop weight, and increased root length, root surface area, root/shoot ratio. It indicates that nitrogen deficiency altered the phenotype of wheat plants. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype, transcriptome, GO pathways, and KEGG pathways of DEGs identified in wheat grown under NDC. It showed up-regulation of Exp (24), and Nrt (9) gene family members, which increased the nitrogen absorption and down-regulation of Pet (3), Psb (8), Nar (3), and Nir (1) gene family members hampered photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism.ConclusionsWe identified 48 candidate genes that were involved in improved photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in wheat plants grown under NDC. These genes may serve as molecular markers for genetic breeding of crops.
Highlights
Agricultural yield is closely associated with nitrogen application
We identified a total of 3949 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEG) in the shoots of wheat plants grown under nitrogen-deficient conditions (NDC), out of which 1535 were up-regulated, and 2414 were down-regulated
DEGs identified in wheat plants grown under NDC were enriched in the nitrogen metabolism pathway (Fig. 8b, d)
Summary
Agricultural yield is closely associated with nitrogen application. reducing the application of nitrogen without affecting agricultural production remains a challenging task. Physiological, and morphological response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to nitrogen deficiency, it is crucial to identify the genes involved in the activated signaling pathways. Excessive nitrogen application and low nitrogen utilization efficiency in winter wheat crops are challenging tasks across the world [1]. The low nitrogen utilization efficiency in wheat is primarily due to the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer [2]. It causes environmental pollution and hampers the sustainable development of agriculture. A detailed understanding of the plant’s physiology, metabolism, and root canopy structure is crucial for improving crop yield and resource utilization efficiencies under stress conditions, such as shading, drought, or nutrition deficiency [5,6,7]. To improve the adaptability of the wheat plant to nitrogen deficiency, it is crucial to discern the physiological and metabolic processes of the wheat plant at the transcriptomic level
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