Abstract
Transcription factors regulate gene expression by cooperating with the RNA polymerase II enzyme to synthesize messenger RNA molecules (mRNA) that are then used to produce proteins. Because they control the protein repertoire expressed by a cell, transcription factors critically regulate all physiologic processes. Not surprisingly, alterations in transcription factors have significant impact on diseases and their treatment. This article reviews basic concepts about the functions and regulation of transcription factors that are important for better understanding cell physiology, pathophysiology, and molecular medicine.
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