Abstract
BackgroundDestruxins (dtxs) are the mycotoxin produced by certain entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium anisopliae, Aschersonia sp, Alternaria brassicae and Ophiosphaerella herpotrichae. It can affect a wide variety of biological processes in insects, including innate immune, Ca2+ channel in cells, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Dtxs have been used as biological control agent for a long time, however, their molecular mechanism of action is still unknown.Principal FindingsIn this study, both digital gene expression (DGE) and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) approaches were adopted to examine the effects of dtx A on Plutella xyllostella (L.) larvae. By using DGE and 2-DE analyses, 1584 genes and 42 protein points were identified as being up- or down regulated at least 2-fold in response to dtx A. Firstly, injection of dtx A to larvae accelerated the increase of peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), which could activate the Toll signal pathway inducing production of antibacterial substances such as cecropin and gloverin. Dtx A also stimulated prophenoloxidase (proPO) system which plays an important role in innate immunity and leads to melanization of external organisms. Secondly, dtx A suppressed the expression of genes related to the Toll pathway, and induced expression of serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), especially the serpin 2 that blocked process of the proPO system. Finally, other physiological process like xenobiotics detoxification, apoptosis, calcium signaling pathway and insect hormone biosynthesis, were also mediated in response to dtx A toxicity.ConclusionsTranscript and protein profiling analyses will provide an insight into the potential molecular mechanism of action in P. xylostella larvae in response to dtx A.
Highlights
Diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a mondial insect pest which threaten crucifer plant seriously, especially vegetables and oil seed crops
Transcript and protein profiling analyses will provide an insight into the potential molecular mechanism of action in P. xylostella larvae in response to dtx A
Entomopathogenic fungi have been used as biological control agents for a long time [5]
Summary
Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a mondial insect pest which threaten crucifer plant seriously, especially vegetables and oil seed crops. Entomopathogenic fungi have been used as biological control agents for a long time [5]. Previous studies have shown that dtxs can suppress the hydrolytic activity of V-type ATPase in Galleria mellonella, cause oxidative stress in Spodoptera litura, influence the Ca2+ channel in muscle cells of Manduca sexta [13,14,15]. Destruxins (dtxs) are the mycotoxin produced by certain entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium anisopliae, Aschersonia sp, Alternaria brassicae and Ophiosphaerella herpotrichae. It can affect a wide variety of biological processes in insects, including innate immune, Ca2+ channel in cells, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Dtxs have been used as biological control agent for a long time, their molecular mechanism of action is still unknown
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