Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely used in scientific research and clinical application. In TMS, the stimulation coil generates a focusing induced electrical field in the intracranial target area to achieve neuromodulation. Since different disorders correspond to their specific target areas, in order to avoid non-target tissue being stimulated, the figure-of-eight (FOE) coil with good focusing performance is still the most commonly used magnetic coil. In this paper, the U-shaped coil with multi-parameters is introduced and optimized. The spatial distributions of the intracranial induced electrical field produced by the U-shaped coil are obtained using the finite-element method. Compared to the traditional FOE coil, the U-shaped coil not only has a great advantage in improving focalization but also is beneficial to obtain other improved characteristics. The mathematical relationship between the coil geometric parameters and the intracranial induced electrical field characteristics is analyzed under the constraint of fixed coil power loss. To further improve coil efficiency, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is adopted to optimize the coil parameters. A real human head modeled as homogeneous and isotropic is occupied in this paper to verify our method, and a traditional FOE coil is used as the reference coil. We also checked the maximum induced charge density on the targeted plane generated by the optimized U-shaped coil to make sure that it will not cause induced neurologic damage.
Highlights
As a non-invasive biotherapy technology, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used in the treatment of various mental disorders.1–7 Usually, the stimulation coil is placed near the human head and the time-varying current in the stimulation coil generates a spatial electromagnetic field within the brain to change the membrane potential of intracranial neurons and modulate neuronal activities.The geometric structure of the stimulation coil influences the spatial distribution of the intracranial induction field
Representative studies are as follows: (1) To enhance the stimulation intensity, the Slinky coil is proposed with extra loops.14 (2) To improve the focalization, the three-dimensional (3-D) differential coil is designed to narrow down the focusing area
We have proposed and verified the U-shaped coil design for magnetic stimulation
Summary
As a non-invasive biotherapy technology, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used in the treatment of various mental disorders. Usually, the stimulation coil is placed near the human head and the time-varying current in the stimulation coil generates a spatial electromagnetic field within the brain to change the membrane potential of intracranial neurons and modulate neuronal activities.The geometric structure of the stimulation coil influences the spatial distribution of the intracranial induction field. Representative studies are as follows: (1) To enhance the stimulation intensity, the Slinky coil is proposed with extra loops. (2) To improve the focalization, the three-dimensional (3-D) differential coil is designed to narrow down the focusing area.. Representative studies are as follows: (1) To enhance the stimulation intensity, the Slinky coil is proposed with extra loops. (2) To improve the focalization, the three-dimensional (3-D) differential coil is designed to narrow down the focusing area.15 This design consists of a figure-of-eight (FOE) coil with two wing units and a bottom unit, which can still be regarded as a modified FOE coil. The focalization is improved by the 3-D differential coil, but this design has not been optimized and it did not consider the increased energy dissipation caused by the wing units Another important design aiming to improve the focalization consists of a FOE coil and a conductive shield plate.. The energy loss caused by the stimulation coil has been separated from the coil parameter design
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