Transarterial Coil Embolization for Canine Patent Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion

Abstract

Left to right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the most common canine congenital heart defect. If not occluded PDA is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Historically, surgical ligation has been the standard method of correction. Although highly successful, surgical ligation is associated with some operative morbidity and mortality. More recently, minimally invasive transcatheter techniques have been employed for PDA occlusion. Transarterial PDA coil embolization is a safe, cost effective, less invasive alternative offered by many specialty centers for PDA occlusion. This procedure involves catheterization of the femoral artery under general anesthesia. An angiogram is then performed to delineate PDA morphology and facilitate coil selection. Coils are commercially available and composed of surgical stainless steel with prothrombotic poly-Dacron fibers. Coils are advanced through a catheter into the PDA under fluoroscopic guidance until satisfactory angiographic occlusion is documented. Patients are then recovered and released the following day. This procedure requires substantial technical expertise and specialized equipment.