Abstract
In this chapter, to improve the coordination and complementarity of multiple energy sources, a trading model based on Stackelberg game model is proposed to balance the interests of supply side and demand sides and reduce carbon emissions. Firstly, the trading between supply side and demand sides based on smart contracts is described. A contractual consensus is obtained through an internal game, and the transaction is completed automatically. Secondly, a bilevel optimization model is established to coordinate the benefits of both parties based on the Stackelberg game model. The energy operator acts as a leader and considers the two objectives, i.e., maximizing net income and minimizing carbon emissions, and uses the linear weighting method to convert the dual objectives into single objective. Users act as followers and aim to increase the comprehensive benefits, including energy cost and comfort. Then, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality condition is used to transform the bilevel optimization model into an equivalent single-level model. Finally, simulation results show the proposed method can coordinate the economic interests of both sides of supply and demand, and effectively reduce the carbon emissions of the energy operator.
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