Abstract
BackgroundUltrasonographic measurement of the vena cava and aorta (Ao) diameters and their ratios have been suggested to be a reliable way of quantifying hypovolemia.ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and reliability of an ultrasonographic technique for measurement of Ao and caudal vena cava (CVC) and derived ratios using three different acoustic windows in a population of healthy neonatal foals. Correlation between Ao and CVC measurements and ratios and foals' age or bodyweight were also investigated.MethodsIn 14 healthy foals aged less than 7 days, the diameters of the Ao and of the CVC in long and short axis were measured by two observers from images obtained using three different ultrasonographic imaging planes (left dorsal, left ventral and right views). The Ao and CVC cross‐sectional area and the CVC/Ao diameter and area ratios were calculated. Image quality was subjectively assessed. Intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities for image quality scores and measurements were evaluated between the two observers. Simple linear regression models were used to identify correlations between the CVC/Ao measurements and ratios and the age and bodyweight of the foals.ResultsThe left ventral view showed the highest reliability. A correlation between bodyweight and the short axis measurement of the CVC was found (R 2 = 0.385; p = 0.018). Age was positively correlated with the long axis of measurement of the CVC (R 2 = 0.426; p = 0.011) and CVC/Ao diameter ratio (R 2 = 0.625; p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe left ventral view allows the Ao and CVC cross sections to be easily visualized and measured in neonatal foals in right lateral recumbency.
Highlights
Ultrasonographic measurement of the vena cava and aorta (Ao) diameters and their ratios have been suggested to be a reliable way of quantifying hypovolemia
In a recent study by Kwon et al, (2016), it has been proposed that the diagnostic performance of Ao/inferior vena cava cross-sectional area index for hypovolaemia in children might be superior to using ratios of the diameters of these structures
Intraobserver reliability for ultrasonographic measurements (Ao diameter, caudal vena cava (CVC) long and short axis diameters) were calculated comparing the two repeated measurements by each observer for the three views, while for the interobserver reliability, the mean of the two measurements by each observer were used for comparison
Summary
Ultrasonographic measurement of the vena cava and aorta (Ao) diameters and their ratios have been suggested to be a reliable way of quantifying hypovolemia. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of an ultrasonographic technique for measurement of Ao and caudal vena cava (CVC) and derived ratios using three different acoustic windows in a population of healthy neonatal foals. Methods: In 14 healthy foals aged less than 7 days, the diameters of the Ao and of the CVC in long and short axis were measured by two observers from images obtained using three different ultrasonographic imaging planes (left dorsal, left ventral and right views). Age was positively correlated with the long axis of measurement of the CVC (R2 = 0.426; p = 0.011) and CVC/Ao diameter ratio (R2 = 0.625; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The left ventral view allows the Ao and CVC cross sections to be visualized and measured in neonatal foals in right lateral recumbency
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