Abstract
Aquaculture is now a major supplier of fish, and has the potential to be a major source of protein in the future. Leopard coral groupers are traded in Asian markets as superior fish, and production via aquaculture has commenced. As feeding efficiency is of great concern in aquaculture, we sought to examine the metabolism of leopard coral groupers using trans-omics approaches. Metabolic mechanisms were comprehensively analysed using transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques. This study focused on the dynamics of muscular metabolites and gene expression. The omics data were discussed in light of circadian rhythms and fasting/feeding. The obtained data suggest that branched-chain amino acids played a role in energy generation in the fish muscle tissues during fasting. Moreover, glycolysis, TCA cycles, and purine metabolic substances exhibited circadian patterns, and gene expression also varied. This study is the first step to understanding the metabolic mechanisms of the leopard coral grouper.
Highlights
Fish and fishery products are valuable sources of proteins and essential nutrients, and they provide human health benefits and facilitate environmental sustainability[1,2,3]
The highest mRNA expression levels in the leopard coral grouper muscle were associated with myosin, followed by parvalbumin, actin, tropomyosin and creatine kinase, muscle type (Table S1)
Most of the transcripts consisted of myosin, parvalbumin, and actin genes (Table 1)
Summary
Fish and fishery products are valuable sources of proteins and essential nutrients, and they provide human health benefits and facilitate environmental sustainability[1,2,3]. Global fish production from aquaculture has increased over the past few decades, while that from capture fisheries has decreased slightly[4,5,6]. Trans-omics approaches[8], including the integration of transcriptome and metabolome analyses, inform the comprehensive data network of genes and metabolites[9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] The combination of these high-throughput technologies revealed holistic and multidimensional information associated with various functions and pathways. Aquaculture technology associated with leopard coral groupers has been developed; there are still differences between wild and artificial fish (Fig. S1). Our metabolic profile data in the consideration of circadian rhythm would help developing feeding technology
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