Abstract
The tram service in Magnitogorsk is one of the main means of transportation. This study substantiated the causeand-effect relationships of the tram service development, the industrial progress and the culture level of Soviet citizens. The authors determined the choice of Magnitogorsk as a case study by the fact that it was a pilot project of a socialist city during the period of industrialization under Stalin. Due to the retrospective analysis of the transport infrastructure development the authors singled out the tram service as a significant factor in the cultural formation of an industrial society. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the authors analyzed the tram as a communicative space used by the authorities to shape the culture of citizens. By means of an abstract-logical method, based on factual historical evidence, the authors established that the authorities actively used trams to form the culture of citizens, to influence the nature of their social behavior. The authors elicited the set of propaganda, control and punitive methods. The authors provided the periodization of the evolutionary change in people's behavior under the influence of the authorities when using trams to develop a positive attitude towards the industrialization of society. The deviations in passenger behaviour demonstrate that urban everyday life in the USSR was far from the idealistic propaganda image of the socialist city. The obtained results can be useful for the municipal authorities of Magnitogorsk to reassess the importance of tram service for modern society as well as for the specialists in Soviet studies.
Highlights
Urban daily life consists of many elements, and public transport is one of these
The culture of public transport use is a set of formal rules and informal practices regulating the interaction of passengers, representatives of the transport service, and the state that reflect the values and socio-cultural attitudes of citizens in a particular historical period
In the mono-industrial city divided into industrial and residential areas by a wide river and distances of several kilometers, the arteries of the tram lines were vital for the functioning of the urban body
Summary
Urban daily life consists of many elements, and public transport is one of these. One of the oldest forms of urban transport is the tram. The tram is a type of street - rail public transport used to carry passengers along predetermined routes in cities (usually using electric power). Trams can be found in 63 Russian cities with a population from 8,000 to over 12 million inhabitants [1]. The heyday of the tram in Russian cities fell from the 1930s to the early 1980s. In the late 1980s–1990s many tram routes in various Russian cities were closed as they were unprofitable. At the present we can see a revival of public electric transport as the most environmentally friendly, safe, and socially-oriented
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