Abstract
We explored the association between the trajectory of the continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS) in childhood with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), which are known to increase cardiovascular disease risk in adolescence. The trajectory of cMetS in childhood (from 3 to 12 years of age) was identified in 833 children who participated in the Ewha Birth and Growth Study. The associations between cMetS and hs-CRP and CIMT were analyzed in 204 out of 833 children who participated in the follow-up at 13–15 years of age and measured hs-CRP and CIMT. Among the 833 children, three groups were classified: cMetS maintained at a low level (n = 198, 23.77%), middle level (n = 530, 63.63%), and at high levels (n = 105, 12.61%). The group with a stable-high cMetS trajectory showed significantly higher hs-CRP levels, and the statistical significance was maintained after adjusting for covariates. This study found that a consistently high cMetS in childhood was significantly associated with higher hs-CRP levels in adolescents, suggesting that it is necessary to intervene in metabolic risk factors early in life to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life.
Highlights
We explored the association between the trajectory of the continuous metabolic syndrome score in childhood with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), which are known to increase cardiovascular disease risk in adolescence
According to the Muscatine Study conducted in the United States in 2011, high body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and blood pressure (BP) observed at 8–18 years of age were significantly associated with increased CIMT at 33–42 years of age[9]
In the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team (MyHeART) study, adolescents aged 13–17 years were stratified into low, medium, and high-risk groups according to cardiovascular disease risk factors, and more than 12% of children who were categorized as the high-risk group remained in the high-risk group at
Summary
We explored the association between the trajectory of the continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS) in childhood with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), which are known to increase cardiovascular disease risk in adolescence. This study found that a consistently high cMetS in childhood was significantly associated with higher hs-CRP levels in adolescents, suggesting that it is necessary to intervene in metabolic risk factors early in life to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. In the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team (MyHeART) study, adolescents aged 13–17 years were stratified into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups according to cardiovascular disease risk factors, and more than 12% of children who were categorized as the high-risk group remained in the high-risk group at Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:22564. This study evaluated the trajectory of poor metabolic health, the evaluation period was relatively short
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