Abstract
In a vehicular scenario where the penetration of cars equipped with wireless communication devices is far from 100% and application requirements tend to be challenging for a cellular network not specifically planned for it, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), carrying mobile base stations, becomes an interesting option. In this article, we consider a cellular-vehicle-to-anything (C-V2X) application and we propose the integration of an aerial and a terrestrial component of the network, to fill the potential unavailability of short-range connections among vehicles and address unpredictable traffic distribution in space and time. In particular, we envision a UAV with C-V2X equipment providing service for the extended sensing application, and we propose a UAV trajectory design accounting for the radio resource (RR) assignment. The system is tested considering a realistic scenario by varying the RRs availability and the number of active vehicles. Simulations show the results in terms of gain in throughput and percentage of served users, with respect to the case in which the UAV is not present.
Highlights
The transport system is one of the fields expecting the greatest changes in the decades.Human-driven cars and trucks will be progressively replaced by connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), promising safer mobility, more efficient traffic management, significant pollution reduction, and the availability of new services for passengers.Focusing on connectivity, for several years IEEE 802.11p and the related standards had been the main solution for the vehicular environment [1]
In [34], the authors assume drones deployed over a highway and acting as (IEEE 802.11p based) road side units (RSUs) and evaluate the density of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) required in order to make vehicles delivering their data respecting a delay constraint with a given probability
The values of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and signal to interference ratio (SIR) of a vehicle towards its closest terrestrial base stations (TBSs) are computed; the same computation is repeated for the link of the vehicle with the UAV, if it is in the coverage range
Summary
The transport system is one of the fields expecting the greatest changes in the decades. Sensors 2019, 19, 811 small packets, and exchange large messages and interact in order to coordinate their actions Such applications have challenging requirements in terms of wireless capabilities that are hardly guaranteed by current standards [8]. Connected vehicles are often associated with the capability of short-range wireless communications, it is clear that it will take time before all cars are equipped and that the long-range connection guaranteed by cellular base stations must be viewed as a valuable option at least during this transitory. In a scenario where the penetration of cars equipped with wireless communication devices is far from 100% and the requirements tend to be challenging for a cellular network not planned for the vehicular scenario, the use of an unmmaned aerial vehicle (UAV), carrying a mobile base station, could be helpful to fill the gap of short-range connections and address unpredictable traffic distribution in space and time.
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