Trajectoires développementales des différentes formes d’imitation et de leurs relations avec le développement cognitif et communicatif chez des enfants présentant un TSA

Abstract

ObjectiveThe idea of a global imitation deficit in autism has existed for many years. Actually, a growing body of research is nuancing this idea by showing that even children with the most severe autistic profiles are able to imitate under certain conditions. However, we do not yet have longitudinal data on the developmental trajectories of different forms of imitation in children with ASD. So, the aim of the present study is: 1) to investigate the developmental trajectories of spontaneous imitation, elicited imitation, and imitation recognition in children with ASD; 2) to identify intra-individual factors associated with measured imitative performance; and 3) to examine the relationships between each of the three forms of imitation assessed and cognitive and communicative development. MethodsFourteen children with ASD aged between 3 years 8 months and 9 years 4 months were included in this study. A longitudinal experimental design involving three measurement times over a 16-month period was implemented. Nadel's imitation scale was used to assess spontaneous imitation, elicited imitation and imitation recognition. The Psycho-Educational Profile and the Snijders-Oonen non-verbal intelligence test were administered to assess cognitive and communicative development. ResultsChildren made significant progress over time on each of the three components of imitation, although we noted a heterogeneity of the developmental trajectories. The greatest gains were in elicited imitation. Motor skills, cognitive level and intensity of autistic behaviors at the beginning of the study significantly correlated with children's later imitative skills. Chronological age, however, was not. Cognitive and communicative development correlated more strongly with spontaneous imitation and imitation recognition than with elicited imitation. ConclusionRegardless of their age, children with ASD can progress in different forms of imitation. This underlines the value of regularly evaluating their skills in this area, in particular to offer them an individualized training program. On this point, our results illustrate the need not to train exclusively elicited imitation, but also to support communication through imitation.