Abstract
Species distributions are closely associated with moisture availability, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Drought relations are especially important for plants such as C4 grasses that dominate seasonally dry ecosystems. Here, we test the hypothesis that C4 grass species sampled across global precipitation gradients show variation in survival under drought that can be explained by their traits.Our experiment subjected 18 C4 grass species to a lethal drought under controlled environmental conditions. The number of days until death was measured, along with root traits, senescence, and aspects of hydraulic function.We identified two strategies: Drought‐avoiding species that stayed green as the water potential declined and drought‐tolerating species that senesced more quickly but could extend survival via drought‐tolerant meristems.Plants that stay‐green for longer occupied drier habitats and had the longest survival under drought, facilitated by narrow root diameter and isohydric stomatal behavior. Plants that senesced quickly had thicker roots, an anisohydric strategy, and occupied wetter habitats.Global distributions of C4 grasses can be predicted by variation in rates of senescence, meristem survival, root traits, and stomatal strategy, showing the value of these traits for understanding plant distributions in relation to climate.
Highlights
Explaining why species occupy different environments is a central goal of ecology and understanding how plant traits mediate plant–climate relationships provides a way of answering this question
Global distributions of C4 grasses can be predicted by variation in rates of senescence, meristem survival, root traits, and stomatal strategy, showing the value of these traits for understanding plant distributions in relation to climate
We evaluated whether mortality under drought could predict the position of species along a precipitation gradient and measured functional, physiological, and morphological traits that may explain variation in mortality
Summary
Drought-avoiding species that stayed green as the water potential declined and drought-tolerating species that senesced more quickly but could extend survival via drought-tolerant meristems. 4. Plants that stay-green for longer occupied drier habitats and had the longest survival under drought, facilitated by narrow root diameter and isohydric stomatal behavior. Plants that senesced quickly had thicker roots, an anisohydric strategy, and occupied wetter habitats. 5. Global distributions of C4 grasses can be predicted by variation in rates of senescence, meristem survival, root traits, and stomatal strategy, showing the value of these traits for understanding plant distributions in relation to climate. KEYWORDS drought, grasses, precipitation niche, senescence, strategies, survival, traits
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