Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare (a) personality traits vs personal values, (b) Five-Factor Model (FFM) vs HEXACO model of personality traits, and (c) broad vs narrow personality constructs in terms of their relationship with the frequency of everyday behaviors. These relationships were analyzed at three organizational levels of self-reported behavior: (a) single behavioral acts, (b) behavioral components (empirically derived categories of similar behaviors), and (c) two higher-order factors. The study was conducted on a Polish sample (N = 532, age range 16–72). We found that (a) even the frequencies of single behavioral acts were related to various personality constructs instead of one narrow trait or value, (b) personality traits and personal values were comparable as predictors of a wide range of everyday behaviors, (c) HEXACO correlated with the frequency of behaviors slightly higher than FFM, and (d) narrow and broad personality constructs did not differ substantially as predictors of everyday behavior at the levels of acts and components, but at the level of higher-order behavioral factors, broad personality measures were better predictors than narrow ones.
Highlights
Psychology is described as Bthe science of behavior^ (Bergner 2011) and personality psychology, as a subdiscipline, seems to be especially interested in studies on behavior (Furr 2009)
We first summarize different approaches to analyzing personality traits and personal values relationship to behavior (Section BPersonality Traits and Personal Values as Predictors of Behavior^), we describe the benefits of analyzing relations between personality constructs and the frequency of different behaviors aggregated over time and situations (Section BBenefits of Aggregation of Behaviors Over Time and Situations^) and compare various types of behavioral criteria used in such research (Section BTypes of Behavioral Criteria^)
Based on the results presented in Appendix 3, one can conclude that personality traits dominate among the correlates of the first higher-order behavioral factor (Active Leisure) and personal values dominate among the correlates of the second factor (Home Activities)
Summary
Psychology is described as Bthe science of behavior^ (Bergner 2011) and personality psychology, as a subdiscipline, seems to be especially interested in studies on behavior (Furr 2009). 28) and according to Mischel (1968), personality is a Bhypothetical construction from or about behavior^ The models are: Five Factor Model (FFM; McCrae and Costa Jr 2003) and HEXACO (Ashton and Lee 2001); while regarding values, it is the circular model of values proposed by Schwartz (1992; Schwartz et al 2012). Both traits and values are considered and can be measured at various levels of hierarchy, from more narrowly defined to rather broad categories
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